ArticleMarine drugs2019
Novel Insights on the Toxicity of Phycotoxins on the Gut through the Targeting of Enteric Glial Cells.
Article in Marine drugs, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Regular exposure to low dose of diarrheic shellfish toxins: Implications for the seafood consumer.Current research in food science · 2026Article
- AZA Toxin Profiles by LC-HRMS in Shellfish from Šibenik Bay: AZA-2 Predominant Analog.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Effects of marine biotoxins on drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes and their regulation in mammalian cells.Archives of toxicology · 2024Review
- Current Research Status of Azaspiracids.Marine drugs · 2024Review
- Effects of okadaic acid, azaspiracid-1, yessotoxin and their binary mixtures on human intestinal Caco-2 cells.EXCLI journal · 2024Article
- Polyhexamethylene biguanide promotes adaptive cross-resistance to gentamicin inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Serotonin involvement in okadaic acid-induced diarrhoea in vivo.Archives of toxicology · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that phycotoxins can impact intestinal epithelial cells and can cross the intestinal barrier to some extent. Therefore, phycotoxins can reach cells underlying the epithelium, such as enteric glial cells (EGCs), which are involved in gut homeostasis, motility, and barrier integrity. This study compared the toxicological effects of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), yessotoxin (YTX), okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), 13-desmethyl-spirolide C (SPX), and palytoxin (PlTX) on the rat EGC cell line CRL2690. Cell viability, morphology, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell cycle, and specific glial markers were evaluated using RT-qPCR and high content analysis (HCA) approaches. PTX2, YTX, OA, AZA1, and PlTX induced neurite alterations, oxidative stress, cell cycle disturbance, and increase of specific EGC markers. An inflammatory response for YTX, OA, and AZA1 was suggested by the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and induction of DNA double strand breaks (γH2AX) were also observed with PTX2, YTX, OA, and AZA1. These findings suggest that PTX2, YTX, OA, AZA1, and PlTX may affect intestinal barrier integrity through alterations of the human enteric glial system. Our results provide novel insight into the toxicological effects of phycotoxins on the gut.
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