ReviewEndocrine connections2019
Anterior pituitary function in critical illness.
Review in Endocrine connections, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Interleukin-2 Transiently Inhibits Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion in Young but not Older Healthy Men.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Neurocognitive Aging Following Acute Illness: Pathobiology and a Framework for Developing Neurotherapeutic Agents.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- The Relationship Between Pituitary Axis Hormones and All-Cause Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Prospective Cohort Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Impact of Continuous Veno-Venous Hemodiafiltration on Thyroid Homeostasis in Critically Ill Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome: A Predictor of Non-Invasive Ventilation Failure and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Relationship between timing of achieving energy sufficiency and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Endocrine Disorders in Critically Ill Patients - The Smooth Criminal?Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures) · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and persistent symptoms: implications for polycystic ovary syndrome and its management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Impact of critical illness on cholesterol and fatty acids: insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic targets.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2023Review
- The Added Value of Serum Random Cortisol and Thyroid Function Tests as Mortality Predictors for Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- To study thyroid hormone levels (FT3, FT4, and TSH levels) in critically ill children and their correlation with disease severity and clinical outcome in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Article
- Correction: Novel insights in endocrine and metabolic pathways in sepsis and gaps for future research.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2022Article
- Euthyroid sick syndrome as an early surrogate marker of poor outcome in mild SARS-CoV-2 disease.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- Recovery of serum testosterone levels is an accurate predictor of survival from COVID-19 in male patients.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- An update on non-thyroidal illness syndrome.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Review
- HIV and the Pituitary Gland: Clinical and Biochemical Presentations.Journal of laboratory physicians · 2021Review
- Critical Illness and the Frailty Syndrome: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2020Review
- Could Exogenous Insulin Ameliorate the Metabolic Dysfunction Induced by Glucocorticoids and COVID-19?Frontiers in endocrinologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Critical illness is hallmarked by major changes in all hypothalamic-pituitary-peripheral hormonal axes. Extensive animal and human studies have identified a biphasic pattern in circulating pituitary and peripheral hormone levels throughout critical illness by analogy with the fasting state. In the acute phase of critical illness, following a deleterious event, rapid neuroendocrine changes try to direct the human body toward a catabolic state to ensure provision of elementary energy sources, whereas costly anabolic processes are postponed. Thanks to new technologies and improvements in critical care, the majority of patients survive the acute insult and recover within a week. However, an important part of patients admitted to the ICU fail to recover sufficiently, and a prolonged phase of critical illness sets in. This prolonged phase of critical illness is characterized by a uniform suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-peripheral hormonal axes. Whereas the alterations in hormonal levels during the first hours and days after the onset of critical illness are evolutionary selected and are likely beneficial for survival, endocrine changes in prolonged critically ill patients could be harmful and may hamper recovery. Most studies investigating the substitution of peripheral hormones or strategies to overcome resistance to anabolic stimuli failed to show benefit for morbidity and mortality. Research on treatment with selected and combined hypothalamic hormones has shown promising results. Well-controlled RCTs to corroborate these findings are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.