SynthesisInternational health2020
Effectiveness of birthing kits for clean childbirth: a systematic review.
Synthesis in International health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevention and Treatment of Neonatal Infections in Facility and Community Settings of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Descriptive Review.Neonatology · 2025Pooled it
- Can Clean Delivery Kits Prevent Infections? Lessons from Traditional Birth Attendants in Nigeria.Annals of global health · 2023Trial
- The Sakinah method-targeted education of traditional midwives supplemented with clean birth kits.AJOG global reports · 2026Article
- Effect of perinatal sterile gloves on neonatal mortality: a post hoc analysis of a randomised clinical trial in Zambia.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Safe delivery kits and newborn infection in rural Ethiopian communities.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- An integrated newborn care kit (iNCK) to save newborn lives and improve health outcomes in Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Healthcare-Associated Infection Prevention Interventions for Neonates in Resource-Limited Settings.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities and infection control/prevention practices in traditional birth homes in Southwest Nigeria.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Eliminating Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus and Promoting Clean Delivery Practices Through Disposable Clean Birth Kits.Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Poor infection control practices during childbirth are recognised as a critical factor leading to life-threatening maternal and newborn sepsis. Therefore, this paper assesses the effectiveness of clean birth kits (CBKs) to ensure a safe birthing environment. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library and CINAHL, as well as Google Scholar, to identify both qualitative and quantitative studies on CBKs published in English up to November 2018. Studies were included if the pregnant women or women giving birth intended to use or used a CBK. The methodological quality of included papers was assessed. A total of 37 studies, 26 quantitative and 11 qualitative studies, were included. Quantitative studies showed a positive impact of CBKs on reducing the incidence of puerperal sepsis and neonatal tetanus. The review also identified CBK use to be associated with a reduction in perinatal, neonatal and young infant mortality. Qualitative studies suggested that a lack of awareness of the importance of CBKs and clean delivery practices, unavailability of CBKs and financial constraints to purchase CBKs were the potential barriers. CBKs appear to be a promising strategy to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, the current evidence is limited and further large-scale trials are required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.