Trial reportBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2019
Liraglutide treatment reduced interleukin-6 in adults with type 1 diabetes but did not improve established autonomic or polyneuropathy.
Trial report in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment reduces body weight and improves glycaemic outcomes in patients with concurrent overweight/obesity and type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as add-on therapy to insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on neurological complications of diabetes.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2023Pooled it
- GLP-1RAs caused gastrointestinal adverse reactions of drug withdrawal: a system review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Autonomic Function in Subjects with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring the Role of GLP-1 Agents in Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Narrative and Systematic Review.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair SocietyPooled it
- Influence of tapentadol and oxycodone on the spinal cord and brain using electrophysiology: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Painful diabetic neuropathy is associated with increased nerve regeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing intensive glycemic control.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2021Trial
- Subcutaneous adipose tissue composition and function are unaffected by liraglutide-induced weight loss in adults with type 1 diabetes.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2021Trial
- Liraglutide accelerates colonic transit in people with type 1 diabetes and polyneuropathy: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.United European gastroenterology journal · 2020Trial
- Effect of treatment with exenatide and pioglitazone or basal-bolus insulin on diabetic neuropathy: a substudy of the Qatar Study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Trial
- Liraglutide treatment reduced interleukin-6 in adults with type 1 diabetes but did not improve established autonomic or polyneuropathy.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Trial
- Respiratory Effects of Treatment with a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist in Patients Suffering from Obesity and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseTrial
- Severity of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Is Linked to Increasing Levels of Circulating Proinflammatory Cytokines.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Observational
- Therapeutic potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic neuropathy: a critical appraisal.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Obesity in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Respiratory Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bioenergetic failure in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: from glucotoxicity to multidimensional metabolic imbalance.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Pharmacological therapy in the obese patient: is it only a matter of fat loss?European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Targeting Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsType 1 diabetes can be complicated with neuropathy that involves immune-mediated and inflammatory pathways. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide, have shown anti-inflammatory properties, and thus we hypothesized that long-term treatment with liraglutide induced diminished inflammation and thus improved neuronal function.
methodsThe study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of adults with type 1 diabetes and confirmed symmetrical polyneuropathy. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either liraglutide or placebo. Titration was 6 weeks to 1.2-1.8 mg/d, continuing for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in latency of early brain evoked potentials. Secondary endpoints were changes in proinflammatory cytokines, cortical evoked potential, autonomic function and peripheral neurophysiological testing.
resultsThirty-nine patients completed the study, of whom 19 received liraglutide. In comparison to placebo, liraglutide reduced interleukin-6 (-22.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -38.1, -3.2; P = .025) with concomitant numerical reductions in other proinflammatory cytokines. However neuronal function was unaltered at the central, autonomic or peripheral level. Treatment was associated with -3.38 kg (95% CI: -5.29, -1.48; P < .001] weight loss and a decrease in urine albumin/creatinine ratio (-40.2%; 95% CI: -60.6, -9.5; P = .02).
conclusionHitherto, diabetic neuropathy has no cure. Speculations can be raised whether mechanism targeted treatment, e.g. lowering the systemic level of proinflammatory cytokines may lead to prevention or treatment of the neuroinflammatory component in early stages of diabetic neuropathy. If ever successful, this would serve as an example of how fundamental mechanistic principles are translated into clinical practice similar to those applied in the cardiovascular and nephrological clinic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.