ArticleDiabetologia2019
Characteristics and pregnancy outcomes across gestational diabetes mellitus subtypes based on insulin resistance.
Article in Diabetologia, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04521712 (Postpartum Glycemia in Women At Risk for Persistent Hyperglycemia), which is not on this map. Cited by 100 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Postpartum Glycemia in Women At Risk for Persistent Hyperglycemia
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prophylactic administration of metformin reduces gestational diabetes mellitus incidence in the high-risk populations: a meta-analysis : Metformin for gestational diabetes prevention.Irish journal of medical science · 2024 · on this mapPooled it
- Maternal metabolic factors and the association with gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The Unrealised Potential for Predicting Pregnancy Complications in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Perinatal and long-term implications of diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus using only fasting and one-hour post-load glucose concentrations: Secondary analysis of the GEMS trial and its five-year follow-up.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Trial
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Subtypes and Maternal Cardiometabolic Outcomes 10-14 Years After Delivery.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- The central role of the β-cell in diabetes: from monogenic forms to type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Different gestational diabetes phenotypes: which relationship with maternal hemodynamics?Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Association between triglyceride glucose index and spontaneous preterm birth: Evidence from a retrospective cohort study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Independent and synergistic effects of OGTT-based hyperglycemia phenotypes and gestational weight gain on feto-maternal outcomes in GDM.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Gestational Diabetes Associated with Postpartum NAFLD Risk Meta-Analysis: Evidence for Sustained Metabolic Dysfunction Beyond Pregnancy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Early pregnancy meal tolerance test responses and their association with later insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese women: an exploratory analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Progress and Practice of Insulin Resistance in Pregnancy: From Pathogenesis to Management.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Association between insulin resistance trajectories and perinatal complications: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The CKM-GDM multi-organ precision model: reframing gestational diabetes as an early cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic event in Southeast Asia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Development and multicenter validation of a novel model for selective screening of gestational diabetes mellitus: the Vietnam gestational diabetes mellitus study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Early Postpartum Glucose Tolerance Reclassification by Gestational Diabetes Subtype.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Hypoglycemia in pregnancy: maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes from oral glucose tolerance tests.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Studying the heterogeneity of gestational diabetes mellitus: cardio-metabolic alteration and treatment response in a multi-ethnic population in Singapore (GDM-CARE): a study protocol.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of metabolic score for insulin resistance and preeclampsia: a multicenter cohort study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThis study aimed to determine the characteristics and pregnancy outcomes across different subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on insulin resistance.
methodsGDM subtypes were defined in 1813 pregnant women from a multicentre prospective cohort study, stratified according to insulin resistance, based on Matsuda index below the 50th percentile of women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), during a 75 g OGTT at 24-28 weeks' gestation. GDM was diagnosed in 12.4% (n = 228) of all participants based on the 2013 WHO criteria.
resultsCompared with women with NGT (1113 [61.4%] of the total cohort) and insulin-sensitive women with GDM (39 [17.1%] women with GDM), women with GDM and high insulin resistance (189 [82.9%] women with GDM) had a significantly higher BMI, systolic BP, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in early pregnancy. Compared with women with NGT, insulin-sensitive women with GDM had a significantly lower BMI but similar BP, FPG and fasting lipid levels in early pregnancy. Compared with women with NGT, women with GDM and high insulin resistance had higher rates of preterm delivery (8.5% vs 4.7%, p = 0.030), labour induction (42.7% vs 28.1%, p < 0.001), Caesarean section (total Caesarean sections: 28.7% vs 19.4%, p = 0.004; emergency Caesarean sections: 16.0% vs 9.7%, p = 0.010), neonatal hypoglycaemia (15.4% vs 3.5%, p < 0.001) and neonatal intensive care unit admissions (16.0% vs 8.9%, p = 0.003). In multivariable logistic regression analyses using different models to adjust for demographics, BMI, FPG, HbA CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationGDM with high insulin resistance represents a more adverse metabolic profile with a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.