ArticleScientific reports2019
Inerolysin and vaginolysin, the cytolysins implicated in vaginal dysbiosis, differently impair molecular integrity of phospholipid membranes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contribution ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Pooled it
- Orally administratedFrontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- Genomic landscape of the human vaginal microbiome is linked to host genetics and population of origin.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Anaerobe-Driven Inflammation and Epithelial Barrier Disruption in Genital HIV Acquisition.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Association BetweenMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Vaginal microbiome and preterm birth: Composition, mechanisms and microbiota‑directed therapies (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Bacterial vaginosis toxins impair sperm capacitation and fertilization.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- A multi-kingdom collection of 33,804 reference genomes for the human vaginal microbiome.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Vaginal microbiota and gynecological cancers: a complex and evolving relationship.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Review
- Cervicovaginal microbiota: a promising direction for prevention and treatment in cervical cancer.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles from vaginal Gardnerella vaginalis and Mobiluncus mulieris contain distinct proteomic cargo and induce inflammatory pathways.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Article
- Human papillomavirus associated cervical lesion: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.MedComm · 2023Review
- Evaluation of vaginal microbiome equilibrium states identifies microbial parameters linked to resilience after menses and antibiotic therapy.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- The interplay between HPV, other Sexually Transmissible Infections and genital microbiome on cervical microenvironment (MicroCervixHPV study).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Observational
- Microbiota dynamics, metabolic and immune interactions in the cervicovaginal environment and their role in spontaneous preterm birth.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Roles of the Microbiota of the Female Reproductive Tract in Gynecological and Reproductive Health.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2022Review
- Article
- Insight into the ecology of vaginal bacteria through integrative analyses of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data.Genome biology · 2022Article
- Towards a deeper understanding of the vaginal microbiota.Nature microbiology · 2022Review
- VaginalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pore-forming toxins, inerolysin (INY) and vaginolysin (VLY), produced by vaginal bacteria Lactobacillus iners and Gardnerella vaginalis were studied using the artificial cholesterol-rich tethered bilayer membranes (tBLMs) by electrochemical techniques. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of tBLMs attested for the toxin-induced impairment of the integrity of phospholipid membranes. This observation was in line with the atomic force microscopy data demonstrating formation of oligomeric protein assemblies in tBLMs. These assemblies exhibited different morphologies: VLY mostly formed complete rings, whereas INY produced arciform structures. We found that both EIS (membrane damage) and the surface plasmon resonance (protein binding) data obtained on tBLMs are in-line with the data obtained in human cell lysis experiments. EIS, however, is capable of capturing effects inaccessible for biological activity assays. Specifically, we found that the INY-induced damage of tBLMs is nearly a linear function of membrane cholesterol content, whereas VLY triggered significant damage only at high (50 mol%) cholesterol concentrations. The observed differences of INY and VLY activities on phospholipid membranes might have clinical importance: both toxin-producing bacteria have been found in healthy vagina and dysbiosis, suggesting the need for adaptation at different vaginal conditions. Our results broaden the possibilities of application of tBLMs in medical diagnostics.
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