ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2019
Of eyes and embryos: subfunctionalization of the CRX homeobox gene in mammalian evolution.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal factor OTX2 regulates human embryonic genome activation and early development.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- Divergent hepaciviruses, delta-like viruses, and a chu-like virus in Australian marsupial carnivores (dasyurids).Virus evolution · 2023Article
- The road less travelled? Exploring the nuanced evolutionary consequences of duplicated genes.Essays in biochemistry · 2022Article
- PRD-Class Homeobox Genes in Bovine Early Embryos: Function, Evolution, and Overlapping Roles.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Extensive non-redundancy in a recently duplicated developmental gene family.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Didelphis albiventris: an overview of unprecedented transcriptome sequencing of the white-eared opossum.BMC genomics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
ETCHbox genes are fast-evolving homeobox genes present only in eutherian (placental) mammals which originated by duplication and divergence from a conserved homeobox gene, Cone-rod homeobox (CRX). While expression and function of CRX are restricted to the retina in eutherian mammals, ETCHbox gene expression is specific to preimplantation embryos. This dramatic difference could reflect the acquisition of new functions by duplicated genes or subfunctionalization of pleiotropic roles between CRX and ETCHbox genes. To resolve between these hypotheses, we compared expression, sequence and inferred function between CRX of metatherian (marsupial) mammals and ETCHbox genes of eutherians. We find the metatherian CRX homeobox gene is expressed in early embryos and in eyes, unlike eutherian CRX, and distinct amino acid substitutions were fixed in the metatherian and eutherian evolutionary lineages consistent with altered transcription factor specificity. We find that metatherian CRX is capable of regulating embryonically expressed genes in cultured cells in a comparable way to eutherian ETCHbox. The data are consistent with CRX having a dual role in eyes and embryos of metatherians, providing an early embryonic function comparable to that of eutherian ETCHbox genes; we propose that subfunctionalization of pleiotropic functions occurred after gene duplication along the placental lineage, followed by functional elaboration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.