ArticlePharmaceutics2019
Towards Printed Pediatric Medicines in Hospital Pharmacies: Comparison of 2D and 3D-Printed Orodispersible Warfarin Films with Conventional Oral Powders in Unit Dose Sachets.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Three-dimensional printing as a transformative platform for patient-centric pediatric drug delivery: technologies, formulation strategies and clinical translation.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Review
- Dose Accuracy and Content Uniformity of Low-Dose Metoprolol Tablets: 3D Printing Compared with Tablet Splitting in Hospital Pharmacy Setting.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- The emergence of advanced technologies in the pharmacy profession and the need for education: The case of point-of-care sensing systems and 3D printing of pharmaceuticals.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Review
- Three-Dimensionally Printed Paediatric Medicines: Formulation, Process, and Regulatory Considerations.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Innovative applications of 3D printing in personalized medicine and complex drug delivery systems.iScience · 2025Review
- Automated 3D Printing-Based Non-Sterile Compounding Technology for Pediatric Corticosteroid Dosage Forms in a Health System Pharmacy Setting.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Characteristics and Efficacy of Warfarin Sodium Tablet Subdivided by 3D Printing Technology: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients After Prosthetic Valve Replacement.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Real-World Evidence of 3D Printing of Personalised Paediatric Medicines and Evaluating Its Potential in Children with Cancer: A Scoping Review.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Automated Non-Sterile Pharmacy Compounding: A Multi-Site Study in European Hospital and Community Pharmacies with Pediatric Immediate Release Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- 3D-printed dosage forms for oral administration: a review.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Review
- 3D Printed Personalized Colon-targeted Tablets: A Novel Approach in Ulcerative Colitis Management.Current drug delivery · 2024Review
- 3D Printing of Dietary Products for the Management of Inborn Errors of Intermediary Metabolism in Pediatric Populations.Nutrients · 2023Review
- A case study on decentralized manufacturing of 3D printed medicines.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2023Article
- Manufacturing pharmaceutical mini-tablets for pediatric patients using drop-on-demand printing.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Practical Application of 3D Printing for Pharmaceuticals in Hospitals and Pharmacies.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Orodispersible Films-Current State of the Art, Limitations, Advances and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Quality of FDM 3D Printed Medicines for Pediatrics: Considerations for Formulation Development, Filament Extrusion, Printing Process and Printer Design.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2022Review
- The Evolution of the 3D-Printed Drug Delivery Systems: A Review.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Data-enriched edible pharmaceuticals (DEEPs): Patients' preferences, perceptions, and acceptability of new dosage forms and their digital aspects - An interview study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2022Article
- Compounded Nonsterile Preparations and FDA-Approved Commercially Available Liquid Products for Children: A North American Update.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To date, the lack of age-appropriate medicines for many indications results in dose manipulation of commercially available dosage forms, commonly resulting in inaccurate doses. Various printing technologies have recently been explored in the pharmaceutical field due to the flexible and precise nature of the techniques. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare the currently used method to produce patient-tailored warfarin doses at HUS Pharmacy in Finland with two innovative printing techniques. Dosage forms of various strengths (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg) were prepared utilizing semisolid extrusion 3D printing, inkjet printing and the established compounding procedure for oral powders in unit dose sachets (OPSs). Orodispersible films (ODFs) drug-loaded with warfarin were prepared by means of printing using hydroxypropylcellulose as a film-forming agent. The OPSs consisted of commercially available warfarin tablets and lactose monohydrate as a filler. The ODFs resulted in thin and flexible films showing acceptable ODF properties. Moreover, the printed ODFs displayed improved drug content compared to the established OPSs. All dosage forms were found to be stable over the one-month stability study and suitable for administration through a naso-gastric tube, thus, enabling administration to all possible patient groups in a hospital ward. This work demonstrates the potential of utilizing printing technologies for the production of on-demand patient-specific doses and further discusses the advantages and limitations of each method.
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Registered trials
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