ArticleNutrients2019
Citicoline: A Superior Form of Choline?
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Citicoline Effective in Preventing and Slowing Down Dementia?-A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Citicoline on the Barthel Index: Severe and moderate brain injury.Indian journal of pharmacologyTrial
- L-α-GPC in Cognitive Decline: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Promoting cytidine biosynthesis by modulating pyrimidine metabolism and carbon metabolic regulatory networks in Bacillus subtilis.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
- The synergistic effects of citicoline and silymarin on liver injury and thyroid hormone disturbances in γ-irradiated rats.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Dysregulation of choline metabolism and therapeutic potential of citicoline in Huntington's disease.Aging cell · 2024Article
- Real-life management of patients with mild cognitive impairment: an Italian survey.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Influence of the brain‑gut axis on neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Citicoline: A Cholinergic Precursor with a Pivotal Role in Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- CDP-choline to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis: the need for a clinical trial.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Patients with Hypertension Complicated with Ischemic Stroke.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2023Article
- Citicoline for Supporting Memory in Aging Humans.Aging and disease · 2023Review
- Valuable effects of lactobacillus and citicoline on steatohepatitis: role of Nrf2/HO-1 and gut microbiota.AMB Express · 2023Article
- Choline supplements: An update.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Restored retinal physiology after administration of niacin with citicoline in a mouse model of hypertensive glaucoma.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2022 update.Revista de neurologia · 2022Review
- Dexamethasone and Citicoline Mitigate Cisplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Novel Experimental Study in Mice.Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2022Article
- Regenerative Effects of CDP-Choline: A Dose-Dependent Study in the Toxic Cuprizone Model of De- and Remyelination.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The effects of twenty-one nutrients and phytonutrients on cognitive function: A narrative review.Journal of clinical and translational research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Medicines containing citicoline (cytidine-diphosphocholine) as an active principle have been marketed since the 1970s as nootropic and psychostimulant drugs available on prescription. Recently, the inner salt variant of this substance was pronounced a food ingredient in the major world markets. However, in the EU no nutrition or health claim has been authorized for use in commercial communications concerning its properties. Citicoline is considered a dietetic source of choline and cytidine. Cytidine does not have any health claim authorized either, but there are claims authorized for choline, concerning its contribution to normal lipid metabolism, maintenance of normal liver function, and normal homocysteine metabolism. The applicability of these claims to citicoline is discussed, leading to the conclusion that the issue is not a trivial one. Intriguing data, showing that on a molar mass basis citicoline is significantly less toxic than choline, are also analyzed. It is hypothesized that, compared to choline moiety in other dietary sources such as phosphatidylcholine, choline in citicoline is less prone to conversion to trimethylamine (TMA) and its putative atherogenic N-oxide (TMAO). Epidemiological studies have suggested that choline supplementation may improve cognitive performance, and for this application citicoline may be safer and more efficacious.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.