ArticleNutrients2019
Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Early-Life Factors among Chinese and Spanish Adolescents: A Pilot Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiological Impact of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese European Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Interplay of Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Composition and Adipokines in Obese Adolescents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Trial
- Effects of sumac supplementation on metabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome: a triple-blinded randomized placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial.Nutrition journal · 2023Trial
- HDL cholesterol as a mediator of the relationship between breastfeeding and coronary atherosclerosis from a two-step Mendelian randomization analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Machine learning with the body roundness index and associated indicators: a new approach to predicting metabolic syndrome.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, interventions, and challenges.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Review
- Neuroprotection in metabolic syndrome by environmental enrichment. A lifespan perspective.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Effects of fetal famine exposure on the cardiovascular disease risk in the metabolic syndrome individuals.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022Article
- Determinants of Longitudinal Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity: The EVASYON Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Association between preventable risk factors and metabolic syndrome.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2022Article
- The Association between Breastfeeding Duration and Lipid Profile among Children and Adolescents.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Metabolic syndrome in Thai adolescents and associated factors: the Thai National Health Examination Survey V (NHES V).BMC public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Metabolic Syndrome: Past, Present and Future.Nutrients · 2020Article
- A Sustainable Approach to the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Its Economic Burden.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Observational
- Metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing problem worldwide in adolescents. This study compared two sample populations of young people in Spain and China, and analyzed the association of birth weight and breastfeeding duration with MetS. A cross-sectional study was conducted in adolescents (10-15 years old); 1150 Chinese and 976 Spanish adolescents. The variables analyzed were anthropometric characteristics, biochemical markers, and demographic characteristics using the same methodology and data collection protocol. Also, birth weight and breastfeeding were retrospectively analyzed during the first year of life. The results showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in reference to body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, triglyceride, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The MetS prevalence was higher in Spanish adolescents (2.5%) than in the Chinese group (0.5%). Breastfeeding duration was inversely associated with hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and MetS, whereas higher birth weight was associated with hyperglycemia, low HDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia, and abdominal obesity. Spanish adolescents showed more altered MetS components, and consequently, a higher MetS prevalence than the Chinese adolescents. This made them more vulnerable to cardiometabolic risk. Our results highlight the need for interventions designed by health professionals, which would encourage pregnant women to breastfeed their children.
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