Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2019
Pre-exposure prophylaxis differentially alters circulating and mucosal immune cell activation in herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive women.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tenofovir, Interferon Pathways, and Mucosal Immunity: Implications for People Living With HIV.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Pre-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection Th17 CD4+ T cells as predictors of early HIV disease progression.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral treatment does not prevent extrapulmonary tuberculosis during SIV/Mtb coinfection in macaques.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Pre-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) α4β7hi CD4+ T Cells and HIV Risk Among Heterosexual Individuals in Africa.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Cervical and systemic innate immunity predictors of HIV risk linked to genital herpes acquisition and time from HSV-2 seroconversion.Sexually transmitted infections · 2023Article
- Women for science and science for women: Gaps, challenges and opportunities towards optimizing pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Treatment with Commonly Used Antiretroviral Drugs Induces a Type I/III Interferon Signature in the Gut in the Absence of HIV Infection.Cell reports. Medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveOral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an important tool for prevention of new HIV infections, which also reduces subclinical herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) shedding and symptomatic lesions in HIV-negative, HSV-2-seropositive individuals. However, the impact of PrEP on mucosal immunity has not been examined in detail.
designHere we evaluate paired genital tissue and systemic immune profiles to characterize the immunological effects of PrEP in HIV-negative, HSV-2-seropositive African women sexually exposed to HIV.
methodsWe compared local and systemic innate and T-cell characteristics in samples collected during PrEP usage and 2 months after PrEP discontinuation.
resultsWe found that frequencies of cervical CCR5CD4 cells, regulatory T cells, and tissue macrophages were significantly reduced during PrEP use compared with after PrEP discontinuation. In contrast, peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing markers of activation and trafficking were increased during PrEP usage.
conclusionTogether, our data are consistent with PrEP altering immunity differentially in the female genital tract compared with circulation in HSV-2+ women. Further study including comparison with HSV-2 negative women is needed to define the overall impact and mechanisms underlying these effects. These results point to the critical need to study the human mucosal compartment to characterize immune responses to mucosal infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.