ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2019
The Impact of Cumulative Depression Along the HIV Care Continuum in Women Living With HIV During the Era of Universal Antiretroviral Treatment.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of depression on ART adherence among women living with HIV.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Global Systematic Review of Common Mental Health Disorders in Adults Living with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Pooled it
- Increased prevalence of depression and anxiety among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shinyanga region, Tanzania.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Trial
- Assessing longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms and the influence of symptom trajectories on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence among adolescent girls in the HPTN 082 randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- Social and economic marginalization in the context of a public health emergency: HIV care disruptions experienced by black sexual minority men (BSMM).Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- The kynurenine pathway in relation to depression and anhedonia symptom severity among women with HIV.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Cumulative burden of depression and domain-specific cognitive impairment over time in the women's interagency HIV study: A marginal structural model approach.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Innovations to Address Unmet Behavioral Health Needs in National Ending the HIV Epidemic Priority Jurisdictions.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- How Mobile Health Can Change the Contexts of Living With HIV and Engaging With Treatment and Care in Iran: A Realist-Informed Qualitative Study.Qualitative health research · 2025Article
- Magnitude of Depression and Associated Factors in Women Living With HIV in Northwest, Ethiopia: Mediation Analysis.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Article
- The effect of depression on antiretroviral drug non-adherence among women living with HIV in Gondar health facilities, northwest Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators to engagement in care and medication adherence for women living with HIV in the Southern United States.AIDS care · 2024Article
- 'You just prefer to die early!': how socioecological context impedes treatment for people living with HIV in Iran.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on HIV Self-Management, Affective Symptoms, and Stress in People Living with HIV in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Feasibility and Acceptability of a Program to Promote Positive Affect, Well-Being and Gender Empowerment in Black Women Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- The Prevalence and Burden of Non-AIDS Comorbidities Among Women Living With or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Factors associated with viral suppression among cisgender women living with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States: An integrative review.Women's health (London, England)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundData are limited on cumulative impacts of depression on engagement in care and HIV outcomes in women living with HIV (WLWH) during the era of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART). Understanding the relationship of accumulated depression with HIV disease management may help identify benefits of interventions to reduce severity and duration of depressive episodes.
settingA cohort of WLWH (N = 1491) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study at 9 sites across the US.
methodsThis longitudinal observational cohort study (2013-2017) followed WLWH for a maximum of 9 semiannual visits. Depression was quantified as a time-updated measure of percent of days depressed (PDD) created from repeated assessments using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Marginal structural Poisson regression models were used to estimate the effects of PDD on the risks of missing an HIV care appointment, <95% ART adherence, and virological failure (≥200 copies/mL).
resultsThe risk of missing an HIV care appointment [risk ratio (RR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval = 0.93 to 1.45; risk difference (RD) = 0.01, -0.01 to 0.03], being <95% ART adherent (RR = 1.27, 1.06-1.52; RD = 0.04, -0.01 to 0.07), and virological failure (RR = 1.09, 1.01-1.18; RD = 0.01, -0.01 to 0.03) increased monotonically with increasing PDD (comparing those with 25 to those with 0 PDD). The total effect of PDD on virological failure was fully (%100) mediated by being <95% ART adherent.
conclusionsTime spent depressed increases the risk of virological failure through ART adherence, even in the era of universal ART regimes forgiving of imperfect adherence.
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Registered trials
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