Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31334330›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)2019

Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2019.

Jeffrey Cummings, Garam Lee, Aaron Ritter, Marwan Sabbagh, Kate Zhong

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 373 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
373citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
104.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

373 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 739 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Preclinical and clinical biomarker studies of CT1812: A novel approach to Alzheimer's disease modification.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021
    Trial
  8. Article
  9. New Genetic Associations Between Alzheimer's Disease and Its Key Risk Factors.Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society · 2026
    Article
  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Neurotransmitter Systems in Alzheimer's Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026
    Review

313 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jeffrey CummingsDepartment of Brain Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), School of Integrated Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Garam LeeCleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Aaron RitterCleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Marwan SabbaghCleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Kate ZhongCNS Innovations, Henderson, NV, USA.
Lou Ruvo Brain Institute · USCleveland Clinic · USNevada State University · US

Funding

Renewal of Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) (Phase 2) CNTN - ResubmissionP20GM109025 · NIGMS · CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION · PI JESSICA KIRKLAND CALDWELL · 2015 to 2026
$22.8M
NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM109025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) has few available treatments, and there is a high rate of failure in AD drug development programs. Study of the AD drug development pipeline can provide insight into the evolution of drug development and how best to optimize development practices.

methodsWe reviewed clinicaltrials.gov and identified all pharmacologic AD trials of all agents currently being developed for treatment of AD.

resultsThere are 132 agents in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. Twenty-eight agents are in 42 phase 3 trials; 74 agents are in 83 phase 2 trials; and 30 agents are in 31 phase 1 trials. There is an increase in the number of agents in each phase compared with that in the 2018 pipeline. Nineteen agents in trials target cognitive enhancement, and 14 are intended to treat neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms. There are 96 agents in disease modification trials; of these, 38 (40%) have amyloid as the primary target or as one of several effects. Eighteen of the antiamyloid agents are small molecules, and 20 are monoclonal antibodies or biological therapies. Seven small molecules and ten biologics have tau as a primary or combination target (18%). Amyloid is the most common specific target in phase 3 and phase 2 disease modification trials. Novel biomarkers (e.g., neurofilament light), new outcomes (e.g., AD Composite Score [ADCOMS]), enrollment of earlier populations, and innovative trial designs (e.g., Bayesian adaptive designs) are new features in recent clinical trials. DISCUSSION: Drug development continues robustly at all phases despite setbacks in several programs in the recent past. Continuing unmet needs require a commitment to growing and accelerating the pipeline.

Indexed as

Adaptive designAlzheimer's diseaseBayesian designBiomarkersClinical trialsDrug developmentRepurposed drugs

Identifiers

PMID31334330
PMCPMC6617248
OpenAlexW2960505072

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.