ArticleToxicology reports2019
Proposing new approaches for the risk characterisation of single chemicals and chemical mixtures: The source related Hazard Quotient (HQ
Article in Toxicology reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed.
- Essential and Potentially Toxic Elements in Commercial Milk Formulas: Health Risk Assessment Through a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Source apportionment, ecological and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in Tumet River, Ethiopia.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Classical and New Approaches to Health Risk Assessment of Acrylamide Through the Consumption of Potato Chips.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Simultaneous screening of 211 pesticide residues in date fruits in Iran and health risk assessments based on Mont Carlo simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Occurrence and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in River Rwizi sediment in Western Uganda.Discover Environment · 2025Article
- Environmental surveillance of the health risk of PMFrontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Mixed contaminant exposure in tapwater and the potential implications for human-health in disadvantaged communities in California.Water research · 2024Article
- An approach to assessing subsea pipeline-associated mercury release into the North Sea and its potential environmental and human health impact.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Exposure Assessment of Essential and Potentially Toxic Metals in Wheat-Based Sweets for Human Consumption: Multivariate Analysis and Risk Evaluation Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA.Environmental science : water research & technology · 2023Article
- Individual Risk Assessment for Population Living on the Territories Long-Term Polluted by Organochlorine Pesticides.Toxics · 2023Article
- Juxtaposition of intensive agriculture, vulnerable aquifers, and mixed chemical/microbial exposures in private-well tapwater in northeast Iowa.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Method validation and risk assessment for sulfonamides and tetracyclines in bees' honey from Egypt, Libya and Saudi Arabia.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2023Article
- Article
- Bottled water contaminant exposures and potential human effects.Environment international · 2023Article
- Tapwater Exposures, Effects Potential, and Residential Risk Management in Northern Plains Nations.ACS ES&T water · 2022Article
- Article
- Carcinogenic Risk Assessment among Children and Adult due to Exposure to Toxic Air Pollutants.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Investigation of dermal exposure to heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Al, Fe and Pb) in traditional batik industry workers.Heliyon · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A hazard quotient (HQ) for a single chemical and the hazard index (HI) for a mixture of chemicals were first described as approaches for risk characterisation by the EPA. HQ is defined as the ratio of exposure to an appropriate reference dose such as the ADI. HI is the sum of the HQs of the chemicals in a mixture. HQ and HI have been used to characterise risk after various exposure scenarios. However, both approaches have a significant limitation in the way they are used. The accurate use of HQ or HI requires estimation of aggregate exposure, that is, exposure to a given chemical(s) from all possible relevant sources. In many studies, risk is assessed assuming exposure from a specific source such as, consumption of water or a specific food item, in which chemical(s) concentration(s) have been measured. In this case the classic HQ/HI approach can result in significant underestimation of risk. For this purpose, we developed an alternative approach, named as Source Related HQ (HQs) where HQ
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