ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2019
Assessing the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Pycnogenol
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phytotherapy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Four-week supplementation with a blackcurrant formulation enhances cognitive performance, reduces mental fatigue and modulates peripheral monoamine metabolism in older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Amelioration of Acrolein-Induced Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Pancreas Cells by Pycnogenol.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potential of pycnogenol: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anticancer effects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective effects of Pycnogenol on nerve regeneration and functional recovery after sciatic nerve crush injury in rodents.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Medicinal Plants for Child Mental Health: Clinical Insights, Active Compounds, and Perspectives for Rational Use.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effect of Pycnogenol® on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Rats.The journal of international advanced otology · 2025Article
- PycnogenolFrontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- An oral French maritime pine bark extract improves hair density in menopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind intervention study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Protective Effect of Pycnogenol against Methotrexate-Induced Hepatic, Renal, and Cardiac Toxicity: An In Vivo Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Phenolic Content, Antioxidative Properties and Extractable Substances in Silver Fir (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Developing Cerebellum as a Target for Toxic Substances: Protective Role of Antioxidants.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2021Review
- Protocatechuic acid supplement alleviates allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting the IL-4Rα-STAT6 and Jagged 1/Jagged2-Notch1/Notch2 pathways in allergic asthmatic mice.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2020Article
- Phytochemical standardization, formulation and evaluation of oral hard gelatin capsules fromAvicenna journal of phytomedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain aging is a complex and multifactorial process broadly involving changes in the brain's structure, neuronal activity, and biochemical profile. These changes in brain function have also been linked to age-associated variations in cognitive function. Recent research has suggested a role of increased oxidative stress and reduced cognition in older people. Therefore, studies that examine the effects of antioxidants on cognitive performance are important, particularly in the context of an increase in elderly populations in most Western countries. One such antioxidant, Pycnogenol, is a standardized plant-based extract obtained from the bark of the French maritime pine and has a long historical use to treat inflammation and improve health. More recently, Pycnogenol has been subjected to more than 100 research trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.