ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2019
Explicit Control of Step Timing During Split-Belt Walking Reveals Interdependent Recalibration of Movements in Space and Time.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enhanced motor learning and motor savings after acute intermittent hypoxia are associated with a reduction in metabolic cost.The Journal of physiology · 2024Trial
- Differential temporal responses of heel strike and toe off during split-belt locomotor adaptation.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Adaptive mediolateral control during split-belt walking: Energetics of interlimb coordination and enhanced savings following acute intermittent hypoxia.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Spatial and temporal modulation of intra-limb coordination in kinematic synergies during hindlimb split-belt treadmill walking in rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Locomotor adaptation on a split-belt treadmill: mechanisms, modulation, and clinical utility.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Review
- A model of the cerebellum generates gait adaptations in a reflex-based neuromusculoskeletal model during split-belt walking.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- A model of the cerebellum generates gait adaptations in a reflex-based neuromusculoskeletal model during split-belt walking.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Error-driven intralimb and interlimb adaptations under asymmetric treadmill and cueing conditions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring age-related differences in the relationship between spatial and temporal contributions to step length asymmetry during split-belt adaptation.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Reinforcement feedback impairs locomotor adaptation and retention.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Reduced corticospinal drive and inflexible temporal adaptation during visually guided walking in older adults.Journal of neurophysiology · 2023Article
- Article
- A sensory signal related to left-right symmetry modulates intra- and interlimb cutaneous reflexes during locomotion in intact cats.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2023Article
- The impact of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on sensorimotor and inter-sensory temporal recalibration.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Contributions of spatial and temporal control of step length symmetry in the transfer of locomotor adaptation from a motorized to a non-motorized split-belt treadmill.Royal Society open science · 2021Article
- Adapting gait with asymmetric visual feedback affects deadaptation but not adaptation in healthy young adults.PloS one · 2021Article
- Unilateral step training can drive faster learning of novel gait patterns.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Altering attention to split-belt walking increases the generalization of motor memories across walking contexts.Journal of neurophysiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Split-belt treadmills that move the legs at different speeds are thought to update internal representations of the environment, such that this novel condition generates a new locomotor pattern with distinct spatio-temporal features compared to those of regular walking. It is unclear the degree to which such recalibration of movements in the spatial and temporal domains is interdependent. In this study, we explicitly altered subjects' limb motion in either space or time during split-belt walking to determine its impact on the adaptation of the other domain. Interestingly, we observed that motor adaptation in the spatial domain was susceptible to altering the temporal domain, whereas motor adaptation in the temporal domain was resilient to modifying the spatial domain. This non-reciprocal relation suggests a hierarchical organization such that the control of timing in locomotion has an effect on the control of limb position. This is of translational interest because clinical populations often have a greater deficit in one domain compared to the other. Our results suggest that explicit changes to temporal deficits cannot occur without modifying the spatial control of the limb.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.