ArticleDiabetes care2019
Children Exposed to Maternal Obesity or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus During Early Fetal Development Have Hypothalamic Alterations That Predict Future Weight Gain.
Article in Diabetes care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trimester-Specific Serum Lipid Profiles in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin B12 and Folate Levels During Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Non-caloric sweetener effects on brain appetite regulation in individuals across varying body weights.Nature metabolism · 2025Trial
- Beyond Deterministic Fetal Programming: Intrauterine Exposures and the Multifactorial Origins of Adiposity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Type 2 diabetes prevention across the life course.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Causal effects of life-course obesity on sleep apnoea: a Mendelian randomization study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Gestational diabetes as an inter-generational cardiometabolic risk factor: spotlight on emerging exerkines.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Review
- Perinatal Semaglutide Treatment Improves Maternal Health and Mitigates Offspring Metabolic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Maternal Obesity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dietary macronutrient substitutions and cardiometabolic outcomes in children with and without gestational diabetes exposure: a cross-sectional analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Glycemic Management Trajectories, and Offspring Growth Patterns and Obesity Risk.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Gestational diabetes: from pathogenesis to therapeutic intervention.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Infant subcortical brain volumes associated with maternal obesity and diabetes: a large multicohort human study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Long-read assembly reveals vast transcriptional complexity in the placenta associated with metabolic and endocrine function.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gestational glycaemia reflects lifelong glycaemia: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Advances in Research on Childhood-Obesity Associated With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of diabetes · 2026Review
- Redox-Driven Precision Medicine for Life-Course Prevention of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- GDM-Related Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in the Mothers and Their Progeny, and the Underlying Mechanisms.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Examining the Impact of Preconception Physical Activity on Offspring Outcomes Linked to Obesity.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Saudi Heart Association Scientific Statement on Cardiovascular-Kidney-Liver-Metabolic (CKLM) Syndrome.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2026Article
- Association of the GLM7 composite metabolic index with gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy: a secondary analysis of a Korean prospective pregnancy cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveExposure in utero to maternal obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to a high risk for obesity in offspring. Animal studies suggest that these exposures disrupt the development of the hypothalamus, a brain region that regulates body weight, predisposing offspring to develop obesity. This study tested the hypothesis in humans that in utero exposure to maternal obesity and/or GDM is associated with alterations in the hypothalamic response to glucose and the altered hypothalamic response would predict greater increases in child adiposity 1 year later. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsParticipants were 91 children aged 7-11 years with and without in utero exposure to GDM. Maternal prepregnancy BMI and GDM exposures were determined from electronic medical records. Arterial spin labeling MRI was used to determine the child's hypothalamic blood flow response to oral glucose. Anthropometric measures were acquired in all children at their initial visit and again 1 year later in a subset of 44 children.
resultsChildren exposed to GDM diagnosed at ≤26 weeks' gestation had increased hypothalamic blood flow (a marker of hypothalamic activation) in response to glucose when compared with unexposed children, and results remained after adjustments for child age, sex, BMI, and maternal prepregnancy BMI. Maternal prepregnancy BMI was positively associated with the child's hypothalamic response to glucose. Greater hypothalamic response to glucose predicted greater increases in child's BMI 1 year later.
conclusionsIncreased glucose-linked hypothalamic activation during childhood represents a possible mechanism by which exposure to maternal metabolic disorders during fetal development increases future risk for obesity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.