ArticleVaccine2019
Highly conserved influenza T cell epitopes induce broadly protective immunity.
Article in Vaccine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced T cell epitope cross-conservation and immunogenic potential is associated with emergence of a dominant influenza subclade K in 2025.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- T-cell-mediated immunity to influenza A (H2N3): implications for caccine efficacy and cross-subtype protection.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- COMBO-RATE: An experimentally validated bioinformatic tool to identify promiscuous HLA restrictions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Preclinical evaluation of an mRNA vaccine developed from the first human isolate of bovine H5N1.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Immune history confers antibody- and T cell-dependent cross-protection against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- The role of T cells in influenza infection and vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Highly Conserved Influenza A Nucleoprotein as a Target for Broad-Spectrum Intervention: Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody with Pan-Influenza Reactivity.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Proteome-wide curation of experimentally validated HPV T-cell epitopes identifies key gaps in our understanding of cellular immunity to HPV and informs vaccine design.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Next-generation intranasal influenza vaccines: mechanisms, platforms, and translational progress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- T-cell responses to highly conserved SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in Hispanic Americans receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Future Goals and Long-term Vision of the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium/Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit Network.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Article
- T Cell Responses to Influenza Infections in Cattle.Viruses · 2025Review
- Human T Cell Responses to Flavivirus Vaccines.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Assessment of Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies Induction Against H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b by Prior Seasonal Influenza Immunization in Retail Workers.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Mpox virus (MPXV): comprehensive analysis of pandemic risks, pathophysiology, treatments, and mRNA vaccine development.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Design and evaluation of a poly-epitope based vaccine for the induction of influenza A virus cross-reactive CD8 + T cell responses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- T cells responses after vaccination: a regulatory perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- T cell immunity to seasonal Influenza A and H5N1 viruses in laboratory workers receiving annual seasonal Influenza vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- T cell assays for non-clinical immunogenicity risk assessment: best practices recommended by the European Immunogenicity Platform.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza world-wide causes significant morbidity and mortality annually, and more severe pandemics when novel strains evolve to which humans are immunologically naïve. Because of the high viral mutation rate, new vaccines must be generated based on the prevalence of circulating strains every year. New approaches to induce more broadly protective immunity are urgently needed. Previous research has demonstrated that influenza-specific T cells can provide broadly heterotypic protective immunity in both mice and humans, supporting the rationale for developing a T cell-targeted universal influenza vaccine. We used state-of-the art immunoinformatic tools to identify putative pan-HLA-DR and HLA-A2 supertype-restricted T cell epitopes highly conserved among > 50 widely diverse influenza A strains (representing hemagglutinin types 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9). We found influenza peptides that are highly conserved across influenza subtypes that were also predicted to be class I epitopes restricted by HLA-A2. These peptides were found to be immunoreactive in HLA-A2 positive but not HLA-A2 negative individuals. Class II-restricted T cell epitopes that were highly conserved across influenza subtypes were identified. Human CD4
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.