SynthesisEuropean journal of endocrinology2019
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case report and systematic review.
Synthesis in European journal of endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 170 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
170 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 275 citations in OpenAlex.
- Islet function impairment outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced pancreatitis: a systematic review and real-world pharmacovigilance analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor- and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor-related diabetes induced by antineoplastic drugs: two case reports and a literature review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Combined diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: Underrecognized and underreported emergency in ICIs-DM.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- PD-1 inhibitor-associated type 1 diabetes: A case report and systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Live long and active: Polypeptide-mediated assembly of antibody variable fragments.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- A Randomized Study on the Effect of Metformin Combined with Intensive-Exercise Diet Therapy on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Islet Function in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Diabetes.Disease markers · 2022Trial
- Simultaneous immune checkpoint blockade-associated diabetes mellitus and thyrotoxicosis.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Clinical features, diagnosis and prognosis of nivolumab-associated fulminant type 1 diabetes.Investigational new drugs · 2026Article
- Immune context governs stage-specific responses to depleting anti-PD-1 antibody in type 1 diabetes.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a Patient with Autoimmune Predisposition.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and metabolic events: results from a European safety analysis.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Article
- Combined immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced type 1 diabetes: a rare but serious endocrinopathy.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Predicting checkpoint inhibitor-associated autoimmune diabetes: prospects and limitations.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- New-onset prediabetes/diabetes worsens overall survival in patients with cancer: A real-world retrospective cohort study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Blood glucose variability in early-onset adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy with continuous blood glucose monitoring: a case report.Diabetology international · 2026Article
- Safety profile of ipilimumab in elderly patients: a disproportionate analysis based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Case Report: a three-stage treatment strategy combining immunotherapy with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo better define the rare adverse event (AE) of diabetes mellitus associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). DESIGN AND
methodsWe report the case of a lung cancer patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and autoimmune thyroiditis during pembrolizumab treatment. We provide a systematic review of all published cases (PubMed/Web of Science/Cochrane, through November 2018) of autoimmune diabetes mellitus related to blockade of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor or its ligand (PD-L1) or combination (ICI) therapy.
resultsOur literature search identified 90 patient cases (our case excluded). Most patients were treated with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 as monotherapy (79%) or in combination with CTLA-4 blockade (15%). On average, diabetes mellitus was diagnosed after 4.5 cycles; earlier for combination ICI at 2.7 cycles. Early-onset diabetes mellitus (after one or two cycles) was observed during all treatment regimens. Diabetic ketoacidosis was present in 71%, while elevated lipase levels were detected in 52% (13/25). Islet autoantibodies were positive in 53% of patients with a predominance of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. Susceptible HLA genotypes were present in 65% (mostly DR4). Thyroid dysfunction was the most frequent other endocrine AE at 24% incidence in this patient population.
conclusionICI-related diabetes mellitus is a rare but often life-threatening metabolic urgency of which health-care professionals and patients should be aware. Close monitoring of blood glucose and prompt endocrine investigation in case of hyperglycemia is advisable. Predisposing factors such as HLA genotype might explain why some individuals are at risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.