ArticlePloS one2019
Calcium chloride enhances the delivery of exosomes.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential of Exosomes as Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- Metabolomic Profiling of Aqueous Humor From Glaucoma Patients Identifies Metabolites With Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Potential in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Nebulized milk exosomes loaded with siTGF-β1 ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting EMT pathway and enhancing collagen permeability.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Native and engineered exosomes for inflammatory disease.Nano research · 2023Review
- Nebulization of extracellular vesicles: A promising small RNA delivery approach for lung diseases.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Article
- Exosomes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Overexpressed Nrf2 Inhibit Cardiac Fibrosis in Rats with Atrial Fibrillation.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2022Article
- Surface engineering of titania nanotubes incorporated with double-layered extracellular vesicles to modulate inflammation and osteogenesis.Regenerative biomaterials · 2021Article
- Phosphorylated Rasal2 facilitates breast cancer progression.EBioMedicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes might have an unimproved potential to serve as effective delivery vehicles. However, when exosomes are developed for therapeutic applications, a method to enhance their delivery is important. This study aimed to evaluate wheather calcium chloride (CaCl2) or other chloride compounds could enhance exosome delivery to various cells without causing toxicity. Exosomes were purified from human serum by using the ExoQuick exosome precipitation kit. Isolated exosomes were mixed with CaCl2 at concentrations ranging from 100 μM to 1 mM, and then washed using Amicon filter for treating the cells. The delivery efficiency of exosomes and the viability of the cells [HEK 293 (human kidney cells) and H9C2 (rat cardiomyocytes)] were evaluated. Cellular uptake of exosomes was observed using a confocal microscope based on PKH26 labeling of exosomes. CaCl2 increased the delivery of exosomes in a dose- and treatment time-dependent manner. In HEK 293 cells, a CaCl2 concentration of 400 μM and exposure time of 12 h increased the delivery of exosomes by >20 times compared with controls. In H9C2 cells, a CaCl2 concentration of 400 μM and exposure time of >24 h increased the delivery of exosomes by >400 times compared with controls. The viability of both cell lines was maintained up to a CaCl2 concentration of 1 mM. However, cobalt chloride, cupric chloride, and magnesium chloride did not change the delivery of exosomes in both cell lines. These results suggest that the use of CaCl2 treatment might be a useful method for enhancing the delivery of exosomes.
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