Trial reportAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2019
Persistent Changes in Stress-Regulatory Genes in Pregnant Women or Children Exposed Prenatally to Alcohol.
Trial report in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review: the impact of maternal pre-and postnatal cannabis use on the behavioral and emotional regulation in early childhood.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Association of prenatal alcohol exposure with offspring DNA methylation in mammals: a systematic review of the evidence.Clinical epigenetics · 2022Pooled it
- Choline enhances elicited imitation memory performance in preschool children with prenatal alcohol exposure: a cumulative report of 3 randomized controlled trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of choline for neurodevelopment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: corpus callosum white matter microstructure and neurocognitive outcomes.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022Trial
- Four-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of choline for neurodevelopment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2020Trial
- Altered circadian expression of clock genes and clock-regulatory epigenetic modifiers in saliva of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Characteristics of sleep in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- An overview of current advances in perinatal alcohol exposure and pathogenesis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2024Review
- The Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Epigenetics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Novel Interventions on Comorbidities in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): An Integrative Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Epigenetics of Trauma Transmission and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: What Does the Evidence Support?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- The ameliorative effects of choline on ethanol-induced cell death in the neural tube of susceptible BXD strains of mice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- miRNA-383 and miRNA-384 Suppress Proopiomelanocortin Gene Expression in the Hypothalamus: Effects of Early Life Ethanol Exposure.Neuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Vascular Contributions to the Neurobiological Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2023Article
- Identifying Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Children Affected by It: A Review of Biomarkers and Screening Tools.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2023Review
- Modeling Aversion Resistant Alcohol Intake in Indiana Alcohol-Preferring (P) Rats.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Dietary and Antioxidant Vitamins Limit the DNA Damage Mediated by Oxidative Stress in the Mother-Newborn Binomial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Epigenetics of pregnancy: looking beyond the DNA code.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Review
- Review
- SAMe, Choline, and Valproic Acid as Possible Epigenetic Drugs: Their Effects in Pregnancy with a Special Emphasis on Animal Studies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe have recently shown that binge or heavy levels of alcohol drinking increase deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and reduce gene expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and period 2 (PER2) in adult human subjects (Gangisetty et al., Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 43, 2019, 212). One hypothesis would be that methylation of these 2 genes is consistently associated with alcohol exposure and could be used as biomarkers to predict risk of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Results of the present study provided some support for this hypothesis.
methodsWe conducted a series of studies to determine DNA methylation changes in stress regulatory genes proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and period 2 (PER2) using biological samples from 3 separate cohorts of patients: (i) pregnant women who consumed moderate-to-high levels of alcohol or low/unexposed controls, (ii) children with PAE and non-alcohol-exposed controls, and (iii) children with PAE treated with or without choline.
resultsWe found pregnant women who consumed moderate-to-high levels of alcohol and gave birth to PAE children had higher DNA methylation of POMC and PER2. PAE children also had increased methylation of POMC and PER2. The differences in the gene methylation of PER2 and POMC between PAE and controls did not differ by maternal smoking status. PAE children had increased levels of stress hormone cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone. Choline supplementation reduced DNA hypermethylation and increased expression of POMC and PER2 in children with PAE.
conclusionsThese data suggest that PAE significantly elevates DNA methylation of POMC and PER2 and increases levels of stress hormones. Furthermore, these results suggest the possibility that measuring DNA methylation levels of PER2 and POMC in biological samples from pregnant women or from children may be useful for identification of a woman or a child with PAE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.