ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2019
A longitudinal study of associations between HIV-related stigma, recent violence and depression among women living with HIV in a Canadian cohort study.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Facilitators and barriers to physical activity in middle-aged and older adult(s) HIV infected persons: a systematic review of qualitative studies.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Health-Related Quality of Life Reported by Patients With Chagas Disease: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence With GRADE Recommendations.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Pooled it
- Declining but increasingly concentrated HIV stigma in rural Uganda: population-based cohort study, 2014-2024.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Dimensions of housing safety among women living with HIV in British Columbia: Results from a qualitative community-based research study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Using Latent Profile Analysis to Identify Stigma Typologies Among a Sample of Women Living with HIV and Who Inject Drugs in Ukraine.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Longitudinal associations between social determinants of health and well-being among women living with HIV in Canada: A latent class analysis.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Reciprocal relationship between abortion stigma and depressive symptoms among women who underwent termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies: a cross-lagged panel study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Observational
- Exploring the Intersection of Mental and Reproductive Health Among Women Living with HIV in Spain: A Qualitative Secondary Data Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Operationalizing the Women-Centred HIV Care Model for trans women and persons with transfeminine experience living with and affected by HIV: A qualitative study.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- Associations of Early Prolonged Secondary Amenorrhea in Women With and Without HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Mental health service use and shortages among a cohort of women living with HIV in Canada.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Psychological distress among postpartum women who took opioids during pregnancy: the role of perceived stigma in healthcare settings.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Article
- Unmasking the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of college students: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- HIV disclosure without consent linked to increased violence against women living with HIV in a Canadian setting.AIDS care · 2024Article
- Brief Report: Social Factors Associated With Trajectories of HIV-Related Stigma and Everyday Discrimination Among Women Living With HIV in Vancouver, Canada: Longitudinal Cohort Findings.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2023Article
- Resisting and disrupting HIV-related stigma: a photovoice study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Relationships Between Stigma and Intimate Partner Violence Among Female Sex Workers Living With HIV: Social and Economic Exclusion.Violence against women · 2023Article
- Self-Reported Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Among Women Engaged in Commercial Sex Work in Southern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Social-Structural Correlates of Gender-Based Violence Against Women Living With HIV in Metro Vancouver, Canada.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2023Article
- Syndemics and clinical science.Nature medicine · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
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Abstract
introductionWomen living with HIV (WLHIV) experience stigma and elevated exposure to violence in comparison with HIV-negative women. We examined the mediating role of experiencing recent violence in the relationship between stigma and depression among WLHIV in Canada.
methodsWe conducted a cohort study with WLHIV in three Canadian provinces. Recent violence was assessed through self-reported experiences of control, physical, sexual or verbal abuse in the past three months. At Time 1 (2013-2015) three forms of stigma were assessed (HIV-related, racial, gender) and at Time 2 (2015-2017) only HIV-related stigma was assessed. We conducted structural equation modelling (SEM) using the maximum likelihood estimation method with Time 1 data to identify direct and indirect effects of gender discrimination, racial discrimination and HIV-related stigma on depression via recent violence. We then conducted mixed effects regression and SEM using Time 1 and Time 2 data to examine associations between HIV-related stigma, recent violence and depression.
resultsAt Time 1 (n = 1296), the direct path from HIV-related stigma (direct effect: β = 0.200, p < 0.001; indirect effect: β = 0.014, p < 0.05) to depression was significant; recent violence accounted for 6.5% of the total effect. Gender discrimination had a significant direct and indirect effect on depression (direct effect: β = 0.167, p < 0.001; indirect effect: β = 0.050, p < 0.001); recent violence explained 23.15% of the total effect. Including Time 1 and Time 2 data (n = 1161), mixed-effects regression results indicate a positive relationship over time between HIV-related stigma and depression (Acoef: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.06, p < 0.001), and recent violence and depression (Acoef: 1.95, 95% CI: 0.29, 4.42, p < 0.05), controlling for socio-demographics. There was a significant interaction between HIV-related stigma and recent violence with depression (Acoef: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07, p < 0.05). SEM analyses reveal that HIV-related stigma had a significant direct and indirect effect on depression over time (direct effect: β = 0.178, p < 0.001; indirect effect: β = 0.040, p < 0.001); recent violence experiences accounted for 51% of the total effect.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that HIV-related stigma is associated with increased experiences of recent violence, and both stigma and violence are associated with increased depression among WLHIV in Canada. There is an urgent need for trauma-informed stigma interventions to address stigma, discrimination and violence.
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