Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31327110›Full record

ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2019

Substitution of dietary protein sources in relation to colorectal cancer risk in the NIH-AARP cohort study.

Linda M Liao, Erikka Loftfield, Arash Etemadi, Barry I Graubard, Rashmi Sinha

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Linda M LiaoDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. linda.liao@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1923-5294
Erikka LoftfieldDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Arash EtemadiDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Barry I GraubardDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Rashmi SinhaDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
National Institutes of Health · US

Funding

Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer in the AARP CohortZIACP010196 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI SINHA, RASHMI · 2009 to 2025
$21.0M
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 CA999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo evaluate the substitution effect of plant for animal protein with risk of CRC in the large prospective National Institutes of Health-AARP cohort study.

methodsProtein intake was assessed at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable adjusted hazard ratios from Cox proportional hazards models. We used a substitution model with total protein intake held constant, so that an increase in plant protein was offset by an equal decrease in animal protein.

resultsAmong 489,625 individuals, we identified 8,995 incident CRCs after a median follow-up of 15.5 years. Substituting plant protein for animal protein was associated with a reduced risk of CRC (HR for highest vs. lowest fifth 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-0.99). This reduction in CRC risk appeared to be primarily due to substituting plant protein for red meat protein (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81-0.97), not white meat protein (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.88-1.05) or other animal protein (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.86-1.03). When further evaluated by source, reduction in CRC risk was limited to the substitution of protein from bread, cereal, and pasta for red meat protein (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.80-0.93); this association was stronger for distal colon (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.67-0.90) and rectal cancer (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.68-0.91) but null for proximal colon (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.88-1.11).

conclusionsThis study shows that substituting plant protein for animal protein, especially red meat protein, is associated with a reduced risk of CRC, and suggests that protein source impacts CRC risk.

Indexed as

AgedAnimalsColorectal NeoplasmsFemaleHumansMaleMeat ProteinsMiddle AgedNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)Plant Proteins, DietaryProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRed MeatRisk FactorsUnited StatesMeat ProteinsPlant Proteins, DietaryColorectal cancerDietary proteinPlant proteinProspective cohort studyProtein source

Identifiers

PMID31327110
PMCPMC6736766
OpenAlexW2963242728

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.