Observational studyInternational urogynecology journal2019
The effect of the first vaginal birth on pelvic floor anatomy and dysfunction.
Observational study in International urogynecology journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05530681 (Correlation Pelvic Floor Function and Ultrasound Findings One Year After Childbirth), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Correlation Pelvic Floor Function and Ultrasound Findings One Year After Childbirth
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is there an association between pelvic organ prolapse and oxidative stress? A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Visual Biofeedback (VB) through Trans-Perineal Ultrasound (TPU) during the active second stage of labor to improve maternal childbirth satisfaction: protocol of a randomized controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- Patients' experiences of participating in physiotherapeutic telerehabilitation for postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction; a qualitative study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Childbirth Acquired Perineal Trauma (CHAPTER) study: A cohort study investigating health outcomes after childbirth-related perineal trauma.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- The Impact of Symptoms of Benign Anorectal Disorders on Self-Esteem and the Severity of Depression in Postpartum Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association between neonatal birthweight and maternal vaginal wall prolapse: a retrospective analysis of postpartum women.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Shortening Indwelling Catheterization After Vaginal Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Results from a Prospective Randomized Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association between enlarged genital hiatus and prolapse with overactive bladder 1 year after vaginal delivery.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
- Pelvic Floor Adaptation to a Prenatal Exercise Program: Does It Affect Labor Outcomes or Levator Ani Muscle Injury? A Randomized Controlled Trial.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Racial differences in the levator ani muscle and levator hiatus in individuals of reproductive age.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
- Commentary on "Effect of An Intrapartum Pelvic Dilator Device on Levator Ani Muscle Avulsion During Primiparous Vaginal Delivery: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial".International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Pelvic organ prolapse: Women's experiences of Accessing Care & Recommendations for improvement.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Association Between Genital Hiatus Size 8 Weeks Postpartum and Pelvic Organ Prolapse 1 Year After the First Vaginal Delivery.Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- Reducing pelvic floor injury by induction of labor.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging assessment of levator ani in women progressing from full-term pregnancy to 10 months postpartum.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2022Article
- Pelvic floor dysfunction after vaginal delivery: MOODS-a prospective study.International urogynecology journal · 2022Observational
- Sexual function in primiparous women: a prospective study.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2022Article
- Effect of prolonged second stage of labor on pelvic floor function: A prospective cohort study.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- Risk factors for postoperative pelvic floor dysfunction in patients with cervical cancer: evidences for management strategies.Translational cancer research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisFirst vaginal delivery severely interferes with pelvic floor anatomy and function. This study determines maternal and pregnancy-related risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), including urinary incontinence (UI), urgency, anal incontinence (AI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion.
methodsThis is a single-centre prospective observational cohort study on healthy women in their first singleton pregnancy. All underwent clinical and 3D transperineal ultrasound examination at 6 weeks and 12 months postpartum. Objective outcomes were POP-Q and presence or absence of LAM trauma. Functional outcomes were measured by the ICIQ-SF and PISQ 12. Multivariate regression was performed to determine birth and maternal habitus-related risk factors for UI, urgency, AI, dyspareunia, LAM avulsion and ballooning.
resultsNine hundred eighty-seven women were included. Risk factors for UI were maternal age per year of age (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04-1.13; p = 0.0001) and BMI before pregnancy (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04-1.13; p = 0.001); for POP stage II+ maternal age (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.08-1.14; p = 0.005). Avulsion was more likely after forceps (OR: 3.22; 95% CI:1.54-8.22; p = 0.015) but less likely after epidural analgesia (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37-0.90; p = 0.015) and grade I perineal rupture (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29-0.85; p = 0.012). Ballooning was more likely at increased maternal age (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13; p = 0.005), epidural (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.06-2.55; p = 0.027) and grade I perineal rupture (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.10-2.90; p = 0.018).
conclusionThough maternal characteristics at birth such as age or BMI increase the risk of PFD, labour and birth factors play a similarly important role. The most critical risk factor for MLA avulsion was forceps delivery, while an epidural had a protective effect.
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