ArticleNeuroImage2019
Simulations of the effect of diffusion on asymmetric spin echo based quantitative BOLD: An investigation of the origin of deoxygenated blood volume overestimation.
Article in NeuroImage, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Free-Breathing Hepatic Oxygen Extraction Fraction (OEF) Mapping Using Radial GESSE.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Technical Review of Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Applications in Cerebral Physiology.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Review
- Modeling the effect of in-plane magnetic field gradients on asymmetric spin-echo images with echo-planar imaging readout.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- Improving quantitative BOLD-based measures of oxygen extraction fraction using hyperoxia BOLD-derived measures of blood volume.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating BOLD functional MRI biophysical simulation approaches: impact of vascular geometry, magnetic field calculations, and water diffusion models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- BOLDsωimsuite: A new software suite for forward modeling of the BOLD fMRI signal.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- The effects of acute Methylene Blue administration on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in humans and rats.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Article
- Vascular space occupancy asymmetric spin echo (VASO-ASE) for non-invasive quantification of cerebral oxygen extraction fraction.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2023Article
- Measurement of Cerebral Oxygen Extraction Fraction Using Quantitative BOLD Approach: A Review.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction MRI: Techniques and applications.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- Effects of mild hypoxia on oxygen extraction fraction responses to brain stimulation.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2021Article
- Cerebral Oxygen Metabolic Stress, Microstructural Injury, and Infarction in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease.Neurology · 2021Article
- Oxygen extraction fraction mapping with multi-parametric quantitative BOLD MRI: Reduced transverse relaxation bias using 3D-GraSE imaging.NeuroImage · 2020Article
- High spatiotemporal vessel-specific hemodynamic mapping with multi-echo single-vessel fMRI.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2020Article
- Evaluating BOLD functional MRI biophysical simulation approaches: Impact of vascular geometry, magnetic field calculations, and water diffusion models.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Quantitative BOLD (qBOLD) is a technique for mapping oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and deoxygenated blood volume (DBV) in the human brain. Recent measurements using an asymmetric spin echo (ASE) based qBOLD approach produced estimates of DBV which were systematically higher than measurements from other techniques. In this study, we investigate two hypotheses for the origin of this DBV overestimation using simulations and consider the implications for experimental measurements. Investigations were performed by combining Monte Carlo simulations of extravascular signal with an analytical model of the intravascular signal. HYPOTHESIS 1: DBV overestimation is due to the presence of intravascular signal which is not accounted for in the analysis model. Intravascular signal was found to have a weak effect on qBOLD parameter estimates. HYPOTHESIS 2: DBV overestimation is due to the effects of diffusion which are not accounted for in the analysis model. The effect of diffusion on the extravascular signal was found to result in a vessel radius dependent variation in qBOLD parameter estimates. In particular, DBV overestimation peaks for vessels with radii from 20 to 30 μm and is OEF dependent. This results in the systematic underestimation of OEF. IMPLICATIONS: The impact on experimental qBOLD measurements was investigated by simulating a more physiologically realistic distribution of vessel sizes with a small number of discrete radii. Overestimation of DBV consistent with previous experiments was observed, which was also found to be OEF dependent. This results in the progressive underestimation of the measured OEF. Furthermore, the relationship between the measured OEF and the true OEF was found to be dependent on echo time and spin echo displacement time. The results of this study demonstrate the limitations of current ASE based qBOLD measurements and provide a foundation for the optimisation of future acquisition approaches.
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