ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2020
Characterization of four polymorphic genes controlling red leaf colour in lettuce that have undergone disruptive selection since domestication.
Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- A 32-bp deletion inHorticulture research · 2026Article
- Ontology-driven dual-channel relational graph convolutional network (DCR-GCN) for lettuce leaf phenotype classification.Plant methods · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association study in a lettuce core collection from 811 accessions reveals genetic loci for anthocyanin accumulation and cultivar development.Horticulture research · 2026Article
- A major and stable QTL confers impatiens necrotic spot virus resistance in lettuce cv. Eruption.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- Integration of crop modeling and sensing into molecular breeding for nutritional quality and stress tolerance.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Review
- Lactuca super-pangenome provides insights into lettuce genome evolution and domestication.Nature communications · 2025Article
- From aerial drone to quantitative trait locus: leveraging next-generation phenotyping to reveal the genetics of color and height in field-grown Lactuca sativa.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveal Key Genes and Metabolic Pathway in Flower and Fruit Color Formation ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis provides insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis in Cichorium intybus L.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Dissecting the genetic architecture of key agronomic traits in lettuce using a MAGIC population.Genome biology · 2025Article
- The Mutations inBiology · 2025Article
- Red-Leafed Lettuces: Genetic Variation or Epigenetic Photomorphogenesis?Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Lactuca super-pangenome reduces bias towards reference genes in lettuce research.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the diploid Rosa chinensis provides insight into the mechanisms underlying key ornamental traits.Molecular horticulture · 2024Article
- Article
- LsMybW-encoding R2R3-MYB transcription factor is responsible for a shift from black to white in lettuce seed.Plant cell reports · 2024Article
- Anthocyanin gene enrichment in the distal region of cotton chromosome A07: mechanisms of reproductive organ coloration.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Harnessing the diversity of a lettuce wild relative to identify anthocyanin-related genes transcriptionally responsive to drought stress.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Seed color in lettuce is determined by the LsTT2, LsCHS, and Ls2OGD genes from the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anthocyanins protect plants from biotic and abiotic stressors and provide great health benefits to consumers. In this study, we cloned four genes (Red Lettuce Leaves 1 to 4: RLL1 to RLL4) that contribute to colour variations in lettuce. The RLL1 gene encodes a bHLH transcription factor, and a 5-bp deletion in some cultivars abolishes its function to activate the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The RLL2 gene encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, which was derived from a duplication followed by mutations in its promoter region. The RLL3 gene encodes an R2-MYB transcription factor, which down-regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis through competing with RLL2 for interaction with RLL1; a mis-sense mutation compromises the capacity of RLL3 to bind RLL1. The RLL4 gene encodes a WD-40 transcription factor, homologous to the RUP genes suppressing the UV-B signal transduction pathway in Arabidopsis; a mis-sense mutation in rll4 attenuates its suppressing function, leading to a high concentration of anthocyanins. Sequence analysis of the RLL1-RLL4 genes from wild and cultivated lettuce showed that their function-changing mutations occurred after domestication. The mutations in rll1 disrupt anthocyanin biosynthesis, while the mutations in RLL2, rll3 and rll4 activate anthocyanin biosynthesis, showing disruptive selection for leaf colour during domestication of lettuce. The characterization of multiple polymorphic genes in this study provides the necessary molecular resources for the rational breeding of lettuce cultivars with distinct levels of red pigments and green cultivars with high levels of health-promoting flavonoids.
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