ArticleNature communications2019
Antimalarial activity of primaquine operates via a two-step biochemical relay.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Efficacy of Single-Dose Primaquine With Artemisinin Combination Therapy on Plasmodium falciparum Gametocytes and Transmission: An Individual Patient Meta-Analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Bioequivalence of a new coated 15 mg primaquine formulation for malaria elimination.Malaria journal · 2024Trial
- Population pharmacokinetics of primaquine and its metabolites in African males.Malaria journal · 2024Trial
- Determinants of Primaquine and Carboxyprimaquine Exposures in Children and Adults with Plasmodium vivax Malaria.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Trial
- Optimal timing of primaquine to reduce Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage when co-administered with artemether-lumefantrine.Malaria journal · 2020Trial
- Mangiferin in combination with primaquine reduces disease progression and transmission potential while alleviating cerebral pathology through suppression of neural cell apoptosis in experimental cerebral malaria.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Repurposing primaquine diphosphate for imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia via targeting BCR-ABL and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.iScience · 2026Article
- Reduced cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2D6 activity and Plasmodium vivax malaria risk in Amazonians: A retrospective, population-based cohort study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Tafenoquine succinate inhibits the growth of the equine piroplasmosis hemoparasites Theileria equi and Babesia caballi.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Natural products against Babesiosis: active compounds, molecular mechanisms, application limitations and translational development.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The inducible gametocyte producer (iGP1) strain is well-suited to produce both immature and mature gametocytes for subsequent drug sensitivity profiling.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Humanization of Drug Metabolism in theACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Malaria Parasite Transmission Competency Using a Nanozyme-Based Immunodiagnostic Targeting Female Gamete Antigen Release.ACS nano · 2025Article
- How CYP2D6 Polymorphism Modulates the Community-Wide Risk of Plasmodium vivax Infection: A Panel Study in Amazonian Brazil.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Discovery of Primaquine-Indole Carboxamides with Cancer-Cell-Selective Antiproliferative Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Single low dose primaquine to block the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum-proposed stand-alone and ACT-adapted regimens.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- High-Throughput Screens of Repurposing Hub and DOS Chemical Libraries Reveal Compounds with Novel and Potent Inhibitory Activity Against the Essential Non-Neuronal Acetylcholinesterase ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Primaquine (PQ) is an essential antimalarial drug but despite being developed over 70 years ago, its mode of action is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hydroxylated-PQ metabolites (OH-PQm) are responsible for efficacy against liver and sexual transmission stages of Plasmodium falciparum. The antimalarial activity of PQ against liver stages depends on host CYP2D6 status, whilst OH-PQm display direct, CYP2D6-independent, activity. PQ requires hepatic metabolism to exert activity against gametocyte stages. OH-PQm exert modest antimalarial efficacy against parasite gametocytes; however, potency is enhanced ca.1000 fold in the presence of cytochrome P450 NADPH:oxidoreductase (CPR) from the liver and bone marrow. Enhancement of OH-PQm efficacy is due to the direct reduction of quinoneimine metabolites by CPR with the concomitant and excessive generation of H
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.