SynthesisBMJ open2019
Poor prognosis of child and adolescent musculoskeletal pain: a systematic literature review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Musculoskeletal pain in adolescents: a systematic review of predictive and associated factors.BMC pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Screen time and health issues in Chinese school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- The profile of young people seeking chiropractic care: a secondary analysis of data.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2026Observational
- Co-creating support for adolescents with long-lasting pain: findings from workshops with adolescents, parents, and professionals.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Prognosis and bio-psycho-social prognostic factors in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain consulting general practice.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Risk factors associated with the development and persistence of pain in adolescents: an international Delphi study.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Pediatric Voluntary Habitual Hip Dislocation: Clinical Characteristics, Family Dynamics, and Long-Term Outcomes-A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical course of spinal pain in adolescents: a feasibility study in a chiropractic setting.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Prevalence of chronic and multisite pain in adolescents and young adults with ADHD: a comparative study between clinical and general population samples (the HUNT study).European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Self-management including exercise, education and activity modification compared to usual care for adolescents with Osgood-Schlatter (the SOGOOD trial): protocol of a randomized controlled superiority trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Competences to self-manage low back pain among care-seeking adolescents from general practice - a qualitative study.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- Associations between pain, health, and lifestyle factors in 10-year-old boys and girls from a Swedish birth cohort.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Applying the behavioural change wheel to guide the implementation of a biopsychosocial approach to musculoskeletal pain care.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Musculoskeletal pain is not clearly associated with the risk of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2023Article
- Lifestyle behaviour in adolescence and musculoskeletal pain 11 years later: The Trøndelag Health Study.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2022Article
- Laboured reading and musculoskeletal pain in school children - the role of lifestyle behaviour and eye wear: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Predictors of pain persistence and disability in high-school students with chronic neck pain at 6-month follow-up.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Bio-psycho-social characteristics and impact of musculoskeletal pain in one hundred children and adolescents consulting general practice.BMC primary care · 2022Observational
- A widening gap between boys and girls in musculoskeletal complaints, while growing up from age 11 to age 20 - the PIAMA birth Cohort study.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo identify baseline patient characteristics that are (1) associated with a poor outcome on follow-up regardless of which treatment was provided (prognosis) or (2) associated with a successful outcome to a specific treatment (treatment effect modifiers).
designSystematic literature review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, Cochrane, SportDiscus, OT Seeker and PsychInfo were searched for prospective cohort studies up to February 2019 without limitation in publication date. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Prospective cohort studies reporting either prognostic factors or treatment effect modifiers on persistent musculoskeletal pain in 0-year-old to 19-year-old children and adolescents. Pain caused by tumours, fractures, infections, systemic and neurological conditions were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES: Our primary outcome was musculoskeletal pain at follow-up and identification of any baseline characteristics that were associated with this outcome (prognostic factors). No secondary outcomes were declared.
methodTwo reviewers independently screened abstracts and titles. We included prospective cohort studies investigating the prognosis or treatment effect modifiers of 0-year-old to 19-year-old children and adolescents with self-reported musculoskeletal pain. Risk of bias assessment was conducted with the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool.
resultsTwenty-six studies yielding a total of 111 unique prognostic factors were included. Female sex and psychological symptoms were the most frequent investigated prognostic factors. Increasing age, generalised pain, longer pain duration and smoking were other identified prognostic factors. No treatment effect modifiers were identified.
conclusionSeveral prognostic factors are associated with a poor prognosis in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain. These prognostic factors may help guide clinical practice and shared decision-making. None of the included studies was conducted within a general practice setting which highlights an area in need of research. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016041378.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.