ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Detection of 13 Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, F1, Compound K, 20(
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ginsenoside-Rb1 for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Review
- 20(S)-protopanaxatriol alleviates gastritis by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via inhibition of PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT3 pathways.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Positive allosteric modulator activity of ginsenosides is restricted to P2X7 and P2X4 receptors.Purinergic signalling · 2026Article
- Targeting Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer: The Emerging Role of Ginsenosides.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Changes in Phytochemical Compositions and Biological Activities After Fermentation According to the Harvest Periods of Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Sprouts.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Activities of Emerging Rare Ginsenosides F1, Rg5, Rk1, Rh1, and Rg2: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Compound K-enriched Korean red ginseng prevents lung cancer progression by targeting cancer cells and fibroblasts.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- LC-MS/MS quantification of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in complex biological matrices for bioanalytical method validation and pharmacokinetic analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ginsenoside Rg1 in Parkinson's disease: from basic research to clinical applications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Unlocking ginsenosides' therapeutic power with polymer-based delivery systems: current applications and future perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Impact of ginsenoside Rb1 on gut microbiome and associated changes in pharmacokinetics in rats.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Prevention of colistin-induced neurotoxicity: a narrative review of preclinical data.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Ginsenoside Rg1 Induces Autophagy in Colorectal Cancer through Inhibition of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K Pathway.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Systematic studies on the kinetic process of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in rats and dogs: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Myogenesis Effects of RGX365 to Improve Skeletal Muscle Atrophy.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Compound K Production: Achievements and Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Ginsenoside compound K reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting PTP1B-mediated IRS1 tyrosine dephosphorylation.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- Dermal Delivery of Korean Red Ginseng Extract: Impact on Storage Stability of Different Carrier Systems and Evaluation of Rg1 and Rb1 Skin Permeation Ex Vivo.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Concomitant Administration of Red Ginseng Extract with Lactic Acid Bacteria Increases the Plasma Concentration of Deglycosylated Ginsenosides in Healthy Human Subjects.Biomolecules · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We aimed to develop a sensitive method for detecting 13 ginsenosides using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and to apply this method to pharmacokinetic studies in human following repeated oral administration of red ginseng extract. The chromatograms of Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, F1, compound K (CK), protopanaxadiol (PPD), and protopanaxatriol (PPT) in human plasma were well separated. The calibration curve range for 13 ginsenosides was 0.5-200 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantitation was 0.5 ng/mL for all ginsenosides. The inter- and intra-day accuracy, precision, and stability were less than 15%. Among the 13 ginsenosides tested, nine ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg3, CK, Rh2, PPD, and PPT) were detected in the human plasma samples. The plasma concentrations of Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and Rg3 were correlated with the content in red ginseng extract; however, CK, Rh2, PPD, and PPT were detected although they are not present in red ginseng extract, suggesting the formation of these ginsenosides through the human metabolism. In conclusion, our analytical method could be effectively used to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties of ginsenosides, which would be useful for establishing the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodymic relationship of ginsenosides as well as ginsenoside metabolism in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.