ArticlePain2019
Sham surgeries for central and peripheral neural injuries persistently enhance pain-avoidance behavior as revealed by an operant conflict test.
Article in Pain, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- D1 and D2 neurons in medial nucleus accumbens participate in chronic orofacial pain phenotypes.Pain reports · 2026Article
- The Increased Activity of CaV3.2 Channels Contributes to Nociceptors' Hyperexcitability and Chronic Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Modeling Neuropathic Corneal Pain: Pulled Nerve Approach With Elevated Krt16 Gene Expression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The relationship between changes in inflammation and locomotor function in sensory phenotypes of central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury.Pain reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Myeloid Cell Association with Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain and Depressive-like Behaviors in LysM-eGFP Mice.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Widespread latent hyperactivity of nociceptors outlasts enhanced avoidance behavior following incision injury.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Small Extracellular Vesicles From Spared Nerve Injury Model and Sham Control Mice Differentially Regulate Gene Expression in Primary Microglia.The journal of pain · 2023Article
- Small molecule targeting NaV1.7 via inhibition of the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction reduces pain in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats.Channels (Austin, Tex.) · 2022Article
- Duration of Reduction in Enduring Stress-Induced Hyperalgesia Via FKBP51 Inhibition Depends on Timing of Administration Relative to Traumatic Stress Exposure.The journal of pain · 2022Article
- Comprehensive Preclinical Assessment of Sensory, Functional, Motivational-Affective, and Neurochemical Outcomes in Neuropathic Pain: The Case of the Sigma-1 Receptor.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2022Article
- Sex-specific transcriptome of spinal microglia in neuropathic pain due to peripheral nerve injury.Glia · 2022Article
- Mechanical Conflict-Avoidance Assay to Measure Pain Behavior in Mice.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- Adaptive mechanisms driving maladaptive pain: how chronic ongoing activity in primary nociceptors can enhance evolutionary fitness after severe injury.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Transcriptional Profiling of Non-injured Nociceptors After Spinal Cord Injury Reveals Diverse Molecular Changes.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2019Article
- Comprehensive phenotyping of cutaneous afferents reveals early-onset alterations in nociceptor response properties, release of CGRP, and hindpaw edema following spinal cord injury.Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
- EPAC1 and EPAC2 promote nociceptor hyperactivity associated with chronic pain after spinal cord injury.Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
- Spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bowel: A role for host-microbiome interactions in bowel pain and dysfunction.Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Studies using rodent models of neuropathic pain use sham surgery control procedures that cause deep tissue damage. Sham surgeries would thus be expected to induce potentially long-lasting postsurgical pain, but little evidence for such pain has been reported. Operant tests of voluntary behavior can reveal negative motivational and cognitive aspects of pain that may provide sensitive tools for detecting pain-related alterations. In a previously described operant mechanical conflict test involving lengthy familiarization and training, rodents freely choose to either escape from a brightly lit chamber by crossing sharp probes or refuse to cross. Here, we describe a brief (2-day) mechanical conflict protocol that exploits rats' innate exploratory response to a novel environment to detect persistently enhanced pain-avoidance behavior after sham surgeries for 2 neural injury models: thoracic spinal cord injury and chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. Pitting the combined motivations to avoid the bright light and to explore the novel device against pain from crossing noxious probes disclosed a conflicting, hyperalgesia-related reluctance to repeatedly cross the probes after injury. Rats receiving standard sham surgeries demonstrated enhanced pain-like avoidance behavior compared with naive controls, and this behavior was similar to that of corresponding chronic constriction injury or spinal cord injury rats weeks or months after injury. In the case of sham surgery for spinal cord injury, video analysis of voluntary exploratory behavior directed at the probes revealed enhanced forepaw withdrawal responses. These findings have important implications for preclinical investigations into behavioral alterations and physiological mechanisms associated with postsurgical and neuropathic pain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.