ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2020
National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Armolipid PlusNutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Prognostic effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease under statin treatment.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Diverging trends in health at older ages in England, 2004-2024: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- [Analysis of lipid levels in medical laboratories in Germany from 2017 to 2022 considering the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures].Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2026Article
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- Plan and operations of the 10th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2025-2027).Epidemiology and health · 2026Article
- Temporal trends in LDL cholesterol levels from 2009 to 2023: a comprehensive analysis of 2.4 million patient records in São Paulo, Brazil.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Age- and sex-specific reference values for plasma lipids and lipoproteins in thai adults: a national health examination survey analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Lifetime effects and cost-effectiveness of standard and higher-intensity statin therapy across population categories in the UK: a microsimulation modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- 2024 Guidelines of the Polish Society of Laboratory Diagnostics and the Polish Lipid Association on laboratory diagnostics of lipid metabolism disorders.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2024Article
- Continuous and Marked Increase of Japanese HDL Associates Paradoxically with their Nutritional Shift.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2023Article
- Article
- Cuban policosanol improves high-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity in healthy Japanese subjects.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Prediction of moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis in pregnancy: Several issues.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Prevention of cardiovascular disease: are we successful?European heart journal open · 2022Article
- The association between the non-HDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio and 28-day mortality in sepsis patients: a cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Lipoprotein Profile in Populations from Regions of the Russian Federation: ESSE-RF Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Design and rationale of a nationwide screening analysis from the LIPIDOGRAM2015 and LIPIDOGEN2015 studies.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2022Article
- Age-specific association between non-HDL-C and arterial stiffness in the Chinese population.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- The prevalence of MAFLD and its association with atrial fibrillation in a nationwide health check-up population in China.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 20 institutions in 27 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries.
methodsWe pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group.
resultsSince ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China.
conclusionsHDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.
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