ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2019
Consensus Opinions on Facial Beauty and Implications for Aesthetic Treatment in Middle Eastern Women.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- In the Search of the Ideal Moroccan Feminine Beauty.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Body image and self-esteem under social beauty norms: a qualitative study of the experiences of men and women in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Positive Screening of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Eastern Saudi Women Seeking Cosmetic Procedures: Implications for Clinical Practice in the Social Media Era.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- BOTME Study: A National e-Delphi Study on the Use of Botulinum Toxin for Aesthetic Treatment of Middle Easterners.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Shifting Goals in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Eurocentric Ideals, Ethnic Background, and Cultural Identity.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- The Harmony and Balance of the Facial Organs for a Natural Face Beauty: A Novel Perspective for Cosmetic/Aesthetic Interventions.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Role of Artificial Intelligence in Determining Ideal Nasal Tip Projection in Diverse Populations.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Medical aesthetic awareness among public in Malaysia and the factors that may influence it: A cross-sectional study.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2024Article
- Consensus Statement on the Use of Botulinum Neurotoxin in the Middle East.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2023Article
- Cosmetic Surgery and the Diversity of Cultural and Ethnic Perceptions of Facial, Breast, and Gluteal Aesthetics in Women: A Comprehensive Review.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2023Review
- Facial Anthropometry and Analysis in Egyptian Women.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
- PN-HPTJournal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022Article
- Perception of Cosmetic Procedures among Middle Eastern Youth.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2021Article
- What is Beauty?Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2021Review
- Knowledge and Attitude Among Lebanese Women Toward Hazardous Chemicals Used in Nail Cosmetics.Journal of community health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMiddle Eastern women worldwide increasingly seek aesthetic treatment to enhance their beauty and improve self-esteem, but literature describing standards of beauty across the Middle East are scarce. Knowledge of facial anthropometry and Middle Eastern subregional beauty preferences and aesthetic weaknesses are key to develop an effective facial enhancement strategy that does not jeopardize ethnic identity or facial harmony.
methodsDermatologists and plastic surgeons from 8 Middle Eastern countries who had 7.5-25 (mean 13.5) years of experience in aesthetic medicine examined female Middle Eastern beauty in 4 geographic subregions: the Gulf (comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates), Iran, Lebanon, and Egypt. They developed consensus opinions regarding facial beauty, aesthetic deficiencies, and injectable treatment solutions.
resultsFacial anthropometry differs between Middle Eastern and Western women, and also within the region. Although subregional differences are seen, beauty is generally recognized by an oval or round face; temple fullness; pronounced, elevated, arched eyebrows; large almond-shaped eyes; well-defined, laterally full cheeks; a small, straight nose; full lips; a well-defined jawline; and a prominent, pointed chin. The relative prominence of the nose necessitates attention to the lips and the shape and projection of the chin. Aging is often accompanied by midface sagging that leads to increased heaviness in the lower facial third.
conclusionsMiddle Eastern beauty is characterized by striking eyes, defined cheeks, and full lips. These consensus opinions inform aesthetic practitioners who treat Middle Eastern women worldwide about their aesthetic ideals and the implications for treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.