Orthognathic Surgery Has a Significant Positive Effect on Perceived Personality Traits and Perceived Emotional Facial Expressions in Subjects with Primary Maxillary Deficiency.

backgroundCrowdsourcing is increasingly being used in medical research to obtain the opinion of laypeople. The investigators hypothesized that a layperson's perception of a primary maxillary deficiency (PMD) dentofacial deformity (DFD) patient is more favorable after orthognathic surgery with regard to perceived personality traits and emotional facial expressions.

methodsThe investigators implemented a survey, distributed through Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform, to compare 6 perceived personality traits and 6 perceived emotional traits before and >6 months after orthognathic surgery in subjects through standardized facial photographs. The sample was composed of 20 subjects randomly selected from a PMD DFD database, treated by 1 surgeon all having undergone bimaxillary and chin orthognathic surgery. The outcome variable was change in each of 6 perceived personality and 6 emotional expression traits studied. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed.

resultsFive hundred respondents (raters) completed the survey. A majority of respondent raters were male (59%) and White (71%), ranging in age between 25 and 34 years (52%). After bimaxillary and chin orthognathic surgery, PMD subjects as a group were perceived to be significantly more dominant, more trustworthy, more friendly, more intelligent, more attractive, and less threatening. They were also perceived as happier and less angry, less surprised, less sad, less afraid, and less disgusted than before surgery (

conclusionsWe confirmed that laypeople consistently report positive changes in a PMD DFD subject's perceived personality traits and perceived emotional expressions after bimaxillary and chin orthognathic surgery.