ReviewBMJ global health2019
From paper maps to digital maps: enhancing routine immunisation microplanning in Northern Nigeria.
Review in BMJ global health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Precision immunisation: reaching zero-dose children in underserved communities in Niger State, Nigeria.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Implementation context and stakeholder perspectives on routine immunization data among lower-level private for-profit providers in an urban setting: experiences from Kampala, Uganda.Health research policy and systems · 2025Article
- School Entry Vaccination Checks Allow Mapping of Under-Vaccinated Children in Zambia.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Microplanning improves stakeholders' perceived capacity and engagement to implement lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Assessing the use of geospatial data for immunization program implementation and associated effects on coverage and equity in the Democratic Republic of Congo.BMC public health · 2025Article
- An evaluation of a multi-partner approach to increase routine immunization coverage in six northern Nigerian States.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Polio vaccination activities in conflict-affected areas.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- A novel adaptation of spatial interpolation methods to map health attitudes related to COVID-19.BMC proceedings · 2023Article
- Article
- Every Child on the Map: A Theory of Change Framework for Improving Childhood Immunization Coverage and Equity Using Geospatial Data and Technologies.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
- A microplanning model to improve door-to-door health service delivery: the case of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Sub-Saharan African villages.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Geographical information systems (GIS) can be effective decision-support tools. In this paper, we detail a GIS approach implemented by the Bauchi and Sokoto state primary healthcare development agencies in Nigeria to generate and convert routine immunisation (RI) paper maps to digital maps for microplanning. The process involved three stages: primary and secondary data collection and reconciliation, geospatial data processing and analysis, and production and validation of maps. The data collection and reconciliation stage identified a number of challenges with secondary data sources, including the need to standardise and reconcile health facility and settlement names. The study team was unable to apply population estimates generated from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative to RI planning because operational boundaries for polio activities are defined differently from RI activities. Application of open-source GIS software enabled the combination of multiple datasets and analysis of geospatial data to calculate catchment areas for primary health centres (PHCs) and assign vaccination strategies to communities. The activity resulted in the development of PHC catchment area digital maps, and captured next steps and lessons learnt for RI microplanning in the two states. While the digital maps provided input into the microplanning process, more work is needed to build capacity, standardise processes and ensure the quality of data used to generate the maps. RI service providers and communities must be engaged in the process to validate, understand the data, the contextual factors that influence decisions about which vaccination strategies RI microplans include and how resources are allocated.
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