ArticleEpidemiology and health2019
Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-positive children at Adama Referral Hospital and Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study.
Article in Epidemiology and health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and predictors of common opportunistic infections among children less than 15 years of age on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Undernutrition as a risk factor for tuberculosis disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV infected children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Opportunistic infections among schoolchildren who were on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The incidence rate of tuberculosis and its associated factors among HIV-positive persons in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Anemia as a risk factor for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Incidence and Predictors of Opportunistic Infection Among People Living With HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Review
- Tuberculosis Incidence and Predictors Among People Living With HIV After Isoniazid-Rifapentine (3HP) Preventive Therapy in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Article
- Characteristics and mortality of children living with HIV/TB coinfection in a tertiary hospital in a resource-limited setting.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Article
- Incidence and Risk Factors of Tuberculosis among Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Northwest, Ethiopia.International journal of public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Predictors for the incidence of pneumonia among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Amhara Regional State Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Ethiopia: a multicenter retrospective follow-up study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Children on Treatment in Southern Morocco: A 12-Years Retrospective Follow-up Study.Infection & chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Proportion of active tuberculosis among HIV-infected children after antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Predictors of a high incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy at Amhara regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia: A multicenter institution-based retrospective follow-up study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Article
- Tuberculosis prevalence, incidence and prevention in a south african cohort of children living with HIV.Journal of tropical pediatrics · 2022Article
- Bayesian parametric modeling of time to tuberculosis co-infection of HIV/AIDS patients at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTuberculosis (TB) is common in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but its effect on the survival of HIV-infected children is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of active TB among HIV-positive children at Adama Referral Hospital and Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia.
methodsA retrospective study was conducted over 5 years using a checklist to gather data from 428 randomly selected pediatric patient charts. The checklist was adapted from the standardized antiretroviral therapy (ART) follow-up form currently used by the institution's ART clinic. Data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariable analysis using Cox regression proportional hazards models, as appropriate. Survival was calculated and compared using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests.
resultsOf the 466 charts reviewed, 428 patient records were included in the analysis. A total of 67 new TB cases were observed during the follow-up period. Hence, the incidence rate in this cohort was found to be 6.03 per 100 child-years of observation. A baseline hemoglobin level <10 g/dL (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 7.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 48.15), moderate wasting (aHR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.02 to 7.99), and not receiving isoniazid preventive therapy (aHR, 8.23; 95% CI, 2.11 to 32.06) were among the independent predictors of TB occurrence.
conclusionsThe incidence of TB was high, particularly in pre-ART patients receiving chronic care for HIV. Close followup of HIV-positive children is crucial to protect them against the development of TB. Initiating isoniazid preventive therapy, averting malnutrition, and managing anemia are also of significant importance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.