ReviewDeutsches Arzteblatt international2019
Pleural Effusion in Adults-Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Review in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 163 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Diagnostic performance of SHOX2 and RASSF1A gene methylation assays in malignant pleural effusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer cytopathology · 2025Pooled it
- Performance of the Monoclonal Antibody B72.3 in Diagnosis of Malignant Carcinomatous Serous Effusions-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Performance.Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology · 2025Pooled it
- Etiology, pathological characteristics, and clinical management of black pleural effusion: A systematic review.Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The Value of Adenosine Deaminase 2 in the Detection of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.Canadian respiratory journal · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical features and prognostic factors of hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease secondary to dermatomyositis/polymyositis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Ultrasound Techniques for Suspected Malignant Pleural Effusion and Nonexpandable Lung.CHEST pulmonary · 2026Review
- Comparison between direct puncture trocar and Seldinger technique in ultrasound-guided drainage of pleural fluid collections (DIESEL study): A prospective observational study.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2026Article
- Review
- Point-of-care ultrasound to evaluate volume status in congestive heart failure.Journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2026Review
- Combined PET-CT and VATS biopsy in pleural effusion: diagnostic accuracy, surgical factors, and prognosis-a retrospective study.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026Article
- Biochemistry-based machine learning algorithms in differentiating pleural effusion: current status and perspective.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Proteins and Metabolites in Malignant Pleural Effusion.Thoracic cancer · 2026Article
- Development of a Risk Prediction Model for Bone Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma With a T1 Primary Tumor Based on Intratumoral and Peritumoral Radiomics.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- A memristor-based method for discriminating tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Combined carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 50, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin distinguish benign and malignant pleural effusions: a Bayesian analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Beyond light's criteria: pleural lactate predicts need for tube thoracostomy in complicated parapneumonic effusions.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Crafty Tuberculous Pleurisy Presented With Hydropneumothorax in a 49-Year-Old Male: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Periprocedural pain management in pleural disease: a narrative review of current and emerging strategies.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Unraveling the multidimensional pleural ecosystem of lung cancer-associated malignant pleural effusion.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPleural effusion is common in routine medical practice and can be due to many different underlying diseases. Precise differential diagnostic categorization is essential, as the treatment and prognosis of pleural effusion largely depend on its cause.
methodsThis review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and on the authors' personal experience.
resultsThe most common causes of pleural effusion are congestive heart failure, cancer, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism. Pleural fluid puncture (pleural tap) enables the differentiation of a transudate from an exudate, which remains, at present, the foundation of the further diagnostic work-up. When a pleural effusion arises in the setting of pneumonia, the potential devel- opment of an empyema must not be overlooked. Lung cancer is the most common cause of malignant pleural effusion, followed by breast cancer. Alongside the treatment of the underlying disease, the specific treatment of pleural effusion ranges from pleurodesis, to thoracoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy (with early consultation of a thoracic surgeon), to the placement of a permanently indwelling pleural catheter.
conclusionThe proper treatment of pleural effusion can be determined only after meticulous differential diagnosis. The range of therapeutic options has recently become much wider. More data can be expected in the near future concerning diagnostic test- ing for the etiology of the effusion, better pleurodetic agents, the development of interventional techniques, and the genetic background of the affected patients.
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