ArticleBMC public health2019
Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of fatal drowning in children under 5 years old in Hunan Province, China: case-control study.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Basic swimming or water safety skills training for drowning prevention in children: an updated systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Promoting Drowning Preventive Behaviors Among Caregivers of Children Under 5 Years Through a Health Belief Model-Based Educational Program in Thailand: A Community Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Construction of an Interpretive Structural Model-Analytic Network Process model for preschool children's drowning risk factors based on the Haddon matrix.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Exploring the paradox between perception and actual childhood drowning risk: an evidence-based study in Bangladesh.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- The epidemiology and outcomes of hospitalized drowning in Thai children: a national data analysis 2015-2019.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Analysis of characteristics and forecast of unintentional injury deaths of children under age 5 from 2013 to 2019 in Sichuan, China.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Non-Fatal Drowning Risk Prediction Based on Stacking Ensemble Algorithm.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Epidemiological Analysis of Drowning Deaths Among Different Groups in Jordan - a Retrospective Study (2015-2019).Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2022Article
- Analysis of Climate and Income-Related Factors for High Regional Child Drowning Mortality in China.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Social and environmental risk factors for unintentional suffocation among infants in China: a descriptive analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Social and environmental risk factors for the accidental drowning of children under five in China.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Healthy China 2030: how to control the rising trend of unintentional suffocation death in children under five years old.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
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8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundDrowning is still the primary cause of death in children under 5 years old, however, little is known about the drowning of Hunan province children. This study identifies the previously unpublished incidence and characteristics of fatal drowning in children of Hunan Province, and provide a basis for formulating strategies for children's survival, development and protection.
methodsData were collected through sampling with the multistage stratified cluster. The case group included all fatal frowning children under 5 years old in 13 districts between October 2015 and September 2016. The control group was matched 1:1.The epidemic features and influencing factors of fatal drowning were analyzed retrospectively according to descriptive analysis, conditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
resultsFor children aged 0-4 years, the fatal drowning was 16.1/100000 in Hunan Province. Drowning rates were higher for boys than girls. The proportion of rural areas is much higher than that of urban areas. The 1-2 years age-group was the highest of all age groups. Fatal drowning mainly occurred in summer. The three leading drowning locations were pond, ditch and well. Playing close to the water were the leading activities that preceded fatal drowning. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that: children with primary caregiver education in high school and above (OR = 0.05) have a lower risk of fatal drowning; children with full-time care (OR = 0.17) have a lower risk; children who received unintentional drowning safety education (OR = 0.23) have a lower risk of fatal drowning. Children who were always swimming or playing near the water in the past 6 months (OR = 3.13) have a higher risk of fatal drowning.
conclusionThe fatal drowning among children under 5 years is the result of the interaction of multiple factors. A significant number of child deaths could have been prevented if parents and other close relatives had been more concerned about the safety of their children. We should develop health education plans for villagers to warn them of the dangers of drowning and preventive measures.
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