ArticleBMC public health2019
Over-indebtedness and its association with sleep and sleep medication use.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Being overindebted and overweight in Switzerland - A largely unexplored association in an understudied population.PloS one · 2026Article
- Overindebted, unsupported and lonely, and mentally stressed and depressed-exploring the relationship between overindebtedness, social disconnectedness and poor mental health in a population-based Swiss study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Protocol for the practice guideline for traditional Chinese medicine preventive treatment on insomnia disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic status and sleep duration among a representative, cross-sectional sample of US adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Changes in household debt due to COVID-19 and mental health concerns among adults in Ontario, Canada.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2023Article
- Over-indebtedness and health in Switzerland: A cross-sectional study comparing over-indebted individuals and the general population.PloS one · 2022Article
- Sleep in times of crises: A scoping review in the early days of the COVID-19 crisis.Sleep medicine reviews · 2021Article
- On the Relation Between Over-Indebtedness and Well-Being: An Analysis of the Mechanisms Influencing Health, Sleep, Life Satisfaction, and Emotional Well-Being.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Debt matters? Mental wellbeing of older adults with household debt in England.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Role of Gambling in Payback Failure in Consumer Credit-Data from a Large Body of Material Regarding Consumer Loan Recipients in Sweden.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Over-Indebtedness and Problem Gambling in a General Population Sample of Online Gamblers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Worry and insomnia as risk factors for depression during initial stages of COVID-19 pandemic in India.PloS one · 2020Article
- A Scoping Review and Conceptual Framework Examining the Role of Sleep Disturbance in Financial Exploitation in Older Adults.Gerontology & geriatric medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOver-indebtedness is currently rising in high-income countries. Millions of citizens are confronted with the persistent situation when household income and assets are insufficient to cover payment obligations and living expenses. Previous research shows that over-indebtedness increases the risk of various adverse health effects. However, its association with sleep problems has not yet been examined. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between over-indebtedness and sleep problems and sleep medication use.
methodsA cross-sectional study on over-indebtedness (OID survey) was conducted in 70 debt advisory centres in Germany in 2017 that included 699 over-indebted respondents. The survey data were combined with the nationally representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1; n = 7987). We limited analyses to participants with complete data on all sleep variables (OID: n = 538, DEGS1: n = 7447). Descriptive analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between over-indebtedness and difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, and sleep medication use.
resultsA higher prevalence of sleep problems and sleep medication use was observed among over-indebted individuals compared to the general population. After adjustment for socio-economic and health factors (age, sex, education, marital status, employment status, subjective health status and mental illness), over-indebtedness significantly increased the risk of difficulties with sleep onset (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.79, 95%-confidence interval (CI) 1.45-2.21), sleep maintenance (aOR 1.45, 95%-CI 1.17-1.80) and sleep medication use (aOR 3.94, 95%-CI 2.96-5.24).
conclusionsEvidence suggests a strong association between over-indebtedness and poor sleep and sleep medication use independent of conventional socioeconomic measures. Considering over-indebtedness in both research and health care practice will help to advance the understanding of sleep disparities, and facilitate interventions for those at risk.
trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00013100 (OID survey, ArSemü); Date of registration: 23.10.2017; Date of enrolment of the first participant: 18.07.2017, retrospectively registered.
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