ArticleBMC infectious diseases2019
Hepatitis C virus infection status and associated factors among a multi-site sample of people who used illicit drugs in the Amazon region.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Healthcare Access in Chemsex Contexts in Brazil: A Scoping Review and the VIP-Chemsex Model.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Review
- Article
- Genetic Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Use Crack Cocaine: A Study Conducted on the Brazilian Amazon Coast.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with Spontaneous Clearance of Recently Acquired Hepatitis C Virus among HIV-Positive Men in Brazil.Viruses · 2023Review
- HCV-HIV Chronic Coinfection Prevalence in Amazon Region.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Syphilis and Co-Infections with HIV-1, HBV, and HCV among People Who Use Crack-Cocaine in Northern Brazil.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Comparison of Patients Monoinfected with Hepatitis C Virus and Coinfected with Hepatitis B/C in the Amazon Region of Brazil.Viruses · 2022Article
- A time series analysis of detection and mortality of hepatitis C in Brazil, 2008-2018.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Spread of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2 Among Relatives of People Who Use Illicit Drugs in Northern Brazil.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Hepatitis E Virus in People Who Use Crack-Cocaine: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Remote Region of Northern Brazil.Viruses · 2021Article
- Oral HPV among people who use crack-cocaine: prevalence, genotypes, risk factors, and key interventions in a remote Northern Brazilian region.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Article
- Prevalence of syphilis in female sex workers in three countryside cities of the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Hepatitis C Virus among Female Sex Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted along Rivers and Highways in the Amazon Region.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among people who used illicit drugs in the state of Pará, northern Brazil.Scientific reports · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundElevated rates of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection have been reported in epidemiological studies with people who used illicit drugs (PWUIDs) in different Brazilian regions. In Brazil's Amazon region, studies have already identified the common use of illicit drugs among adolescents and the high prevalence of HCV infections among PWUIDs. However, all studies done with PWUIDs were conducted with small samples and within limited geographic coverage. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors for HCV infection in PWUIDs in the Amazon region, northern Brazil, as well as estimating the prevalence and factors associated with the HCV spontaneous clearance (HSC).
methodsThis cross-sectional study accessed 1666 PWUIDs from multiple municipalities of the Amazon region. Socio-demographic, economic, drug use and health-related information were collected through interviews. Blood samples collected were tested for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies and RNA-HCV. HCV genotypes were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Logistic regressions were run to identify factors independently associated with HCV infection status and HSC.
resultsIn total, 577 (34.6%) featured HCV antibodies, of which 384 (23.1%) had active HCV infection and 193 (11.6%) indicated HSC. Genotypes 1 (80.2%) and 3 (18.8%) were detected. HCV infection status was associated with the length of illicit drug use history, factors related to parenteral and sexual transmission, and factors of socio-economic marginalization leading to potential risk activities for HCV. HSC was associated with the ethnic (including indigenous) background of participants.
conclusionsHigh levels of HCV infection were detected in PWUIDs. Genotype 1 was predominant. Intense use of illicit drugs, unprotected sexual intercourse, high number of sexual partners and social marginalization were associated with all HCV infection. HSC was associated with origin (Amazonian-born) and non-white (e.g., Black or Indigenous) of PWUIDs. These findings emphasize the need for improve HCV prevention and control services and care for PWUIDs in the Brazilian Amazon region.
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