ReviewImmunity2019
Inflammation and Cancer: Triggers, Mechanisms, and Consequences.
Review in Immunity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2,312 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2,312 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Modulating Inflammation and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of In Vitro, Animal, and Human Studies.Current oncology reports · 2026Pooled it
- Life Course Trajectories of Body Mass Index and Risk of Cancer in Adulthood: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Inflamed Yet Immune-Evasive? A Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Identifies Conserved Inflammatory, Developmental, and Neuronal Signatures Associated with Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker in lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Risk of cancer incidence and mortality in patients with chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic role of Naples Prognostic Score in lung cancer: a meta-analysis.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of End-tidal Sevoflurane Concentration Required for Optimal Depth of Anesthesia during Opioid-free General Anesthesia Using Intravenous Lignocaine versus Morphine.Annals of African medicine · 2026Trial
- Gut microbiota and diet in colorectal cancer: Converging determinants of carcinogenesis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as context-dependent modulators of Nrf2 signaling in inflammation-driven carcinogenesis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- IL-37/IL-1R8 axis: a novel major mechanism of control at the interface between tumor and immune cells.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Inflammation and carcinogenesis: molecular targets and small-molecule intervention strategies.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Variation on Toxic and Inflammatory Potential of Coal Smoke of Different Sources From a Region With High Lung Cancer Risk.Environmental toxicology · 2026Article
- Colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Association of Serum Vitamin D Level and Hematological Inflammatory Indices in Participants of the MASHAD Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Pan-cancer epigenetic landscape of human tumor-associated macrophages reveals crucial enhancers governing their heterogenous formation by Pol II pausing modulation.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Beyond tumor biology: can host nutritional status refine prediction of early recurrence after pancreatic cancer surgery?Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Integration of geriatric nutritional risk index and sarcopenia for prognostic assessment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a large-scale long-term retrospective study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Shaoyao Decoction Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Progression by Targeting PD-L1 to Reprogram the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Targeting AATF reprograms the tumor microenvironment and suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma via MIR100HG-TGF-β signaling.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
2,252 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation predisposes to the development of cancer and promotes all stages of tumorigenesis. Cancer cells, as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells, engage in well-orchestrated reciprocal interactions to form an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Cells within the TME are highly plastic, continuously changing their phenotypic and functional characteristics. Here, we review the origins of inflammation in tumors, and the mechanisms whereby inflammation drives tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. We discuss how tumor-promoting inflammation closely resembles inflammatory processes typically found during development, immunity, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, or tissue repair and illuminate the distinctions between tissue-protective and pro-tumorigenic inflammation, including spatiotemporal considerations. Defining the cornerstone rules of engagement governing molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumor-promoting inflammation will be essential for further development of anti-cancer therapies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.