Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31314057›Full record

ArticleJAMA psychiatry2019

Association of Genetic and Environmental Factors With Autism in a 5-Country Cohort.

Dan Bai, Benjamin Hon Kei Yip, Gayle C Windham, Andre Sourander, Richard Francis, Rinat Yoffe, Emma Glasson, Behrang Mahjani, Auli Suominen, Helen Leonard and 12 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JAMA psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 315 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
315citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
35.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

315 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 608 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Converging etiopathogenetic pathways and early prevention opportunities for autism and neurodevelopmental disorders in the first 1000 days of life: a brief narrative review.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026
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255 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 15 institutions in 7 countries.

Dan BaiJockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
Benjamin Hon Kei YipJockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
Gayle C WindhamCenter for Health Communities, Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond.
Andre SouranderDepartment of Child Psychiatry, Turku University, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Richard FrancisTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Rinat YoffeMinistry of Health, Israel.
Emma GlassonTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Behrang MahjaniDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Auli SuominenDepartment of Child Psychiatry, Turku University, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Helen LeonardTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Mika GisslerDepartment of Child Psychiatry, Turku University, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Joseph D BuxbaumDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
Kingsley WongTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Diana SchendelDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Arad KodeshDepartment of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Michaeline BreshnahanDepartment of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Stephen Z LevineDepartment of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Erik T ParnerSection for Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Stefan N HansenSection for Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Christina HultmanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abraham ReichenbergDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
Sven SandinDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
University of Western Australia · AUAarhus University · DKChild Health and Development Institute · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USKarolinska Institutet · SETurku University Hospital · FICalifornia Department of Public Health · USChinese University of Hong Kong · CNClalit Health Services · ILHong Kong Jockey Club · CNIsrael Ministry of Health · ILLundbeck Foundation · DKNew York State Psychiatric InstituteThe Kids Research Institute Australia · AUUniversity of Haifa · IL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Importance: The origins and development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain unresolved. No individual-level study has provided estimates of additive genetic, maternal, and environmental effects in ASD across several countries. Objective: To estimate the additive genetic, maternal, and environmental effects in ASD. Design, Setting, and Participants: Population-based, multinational cohort study including full birth cohorts of children from Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Israel, and Western Australia born between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2011, and followed up to age 16 years. Data were analyzed from September 23, 2016 through February 4, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Across 5 countries, models were fitted to estimate variance components describing the total variance in risk for ASD occurrence owing to additive genetics, maternal, and shared and nonshared environmental effects. Results: The analytic sample included 2 001 631 individuals, of whom 1 027 546 (51.3%) were male. Among the entire sample, 22 156 were diagnosed with ASD. The median (95% CI) ASD heritability was 80.8% (73.2%-85.5%) for country-specific point estimates, ranging from 50.9% (25.1%-75.6%) (Finland) to 86.8% (69.8%-100.0%) (Israel). For the Nordic countries combined, heritability estimates ranged from 81.2% (73.9%-85.3%) to 82.7% (79.1%-86.0%). Maternal effect was estimated to range from 0.4% to 1.6%. Estimates of genetic, maternal, and environmental effects for autistic disorder were similar with ASD. Conclusions and Relevance: Based on population data from 5 countries, the heritability of ASD was estimated to be approximately 80%, indicating that the variation in ASD occurrence in the population is mostly owing to inherited genetic influences, with no support for contribution from maternal effects. The results suggest possible modest differences in the sources of ASD risk between countries.

Indexed as

EnvironmentAdolescentAutism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderChildCohort StudiesDenmarkFamilyFemaleFinlandGenetic Association StudiesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansInheritance PatternsIsraelMale

Identifiers

PMID31314057
PMCPMC6646998
OpenAlexW2959289532

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.