ReviewBirth defects research2019
Smoking and pregnancy: Epigenetics and developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome.
Review in Birth defects research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors in the First 1000 Days of Life Associated With Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Risk Factor Quality Assessment.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- The Role of Genetics in Stroke Risk and Outcome: A Review of Current Evidence.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Exposure to radon and ambient particle radioactivity during pregnancy and adverse maternal, fetal and perinatal outcomes: The current literature and potential mechanisms.Environmental research · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis on Associations of Timing of Maternal Smoking Cessation Before and During Pregnancy With Childhood Overweight and Obesity.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal overnutrition elevates offspring's blood pressure-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal overnutrition impairs offspring's insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of maternal health on neonatal and long-term kidney outcomes.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- How Epigenetics Bridges Genes and Environment: A Multiomics Evidence Chain in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.Birth defects research · 2026Review
- Prenatal exposure to acrylamide and metabolic health at 20 years of age A biomarker-based Danish cohort study.Environment international · 2026Article
- DNA methylation as a biomarker of prenatal exposures: current challenges and opportunities.Environmental epigenetics · 2026Review
- Urinary cotinine cut-off value in categorising cigarette smoking status in healthy pregnant women at term.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2025Article
- Epigenetic mediation may explain intergenerational associations between maternal obesogenic lifestyle and children's birth weight: findings from the NorthPop prospective birth cohort.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Examination of DNA Methylation Patterns in Children Born Premature with Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure.Toxics · 2025Article
- Smoke signals in the genome: Epigenetic consequences of parental tobacco exposure (Review).Biomedical reports · 2025Review
- Gestational chronic intermittent hypoxia triggers maternal inflammation and disrupts placental stress responses.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Article
- Impact of smoking on cardiovascular health: Mechanisms, epidemiology and specific concerns regarding congenital heart disease.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2025Review
- Overweight/Obesity and Ancestral Environmental Smoking Exposures: A Summary of Results from the ALSPAC Cohort.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Body mass index trajectories from birth to adolescence and associated factors in the PARIS cohort.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Lack of maternal exposure to somatostatin leads to diet-induced insulin and leptin resistance in mouse male offspring.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2025Article
- Maternal smoking around birth as a risk factor for offspring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Evidence from Mendelian randomization.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Maternal smoking causes lower birth weight, birth defects, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Epidemiological evidence over the past four decades has grown stronger and the adverse outcomes attributed to maternal smoking and secondhand smoke exposure have expanded. This review presents findings of latent and persistent metabolic effects in offspring of smoking mothers like those observed in studies of maternal undernutrition during pregnancy. The phenotype of offspring of smoking mothers is like that associated with maternal undernutrition. Born smaller than offspring of nonsmokers, these children have increased risk of being overweight or obese later. Plausible mechanisms include in utero hypoxia, nicotine-induced reductions in uteroplacental blood flow, placental toxicity, or toxic growth restriction from the many toxicants in tobacco smoke. Studies have reported increased risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and hypertension although the evidence here is weaker than for overweight/obesity. Altered DNA methylation has been consistently documented in smoking mothers' offspring, and these epigenetic alterations are extensive and postnatally durable. A causal link between altered DNA methylation and the phenotypic changes observed in offspring remains to be firmly established, yet the association is strong, and mediation analyses suggest a causal link. Studies examining expression patterns of affected genes during childhood development and associated health outcomes should be instructive in this regard. The adverse effects of exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy now clearly include permanent metabolic derangements in offspring that can adversely affect life-long health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.