ArticleClinical rheumatology2019
Cytokines (IL-15, IL-21, and IFN-γ) in rheumatoid arthritis: association with positivity to autoantibodies (RF, anti-CCP, anti-MCV, and anti-PADI4) and clinical activity.
Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- siRNA-Based Nanodrug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Relation of Cytokine Profile and Antibody Values to Post-Translational Protein Modifications in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (Preliminary Data).Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- IL21 inhibits miR-361-5p to promote MAP3K9 and further aggravate the progression of shoulder arthritis.Aging · 2024Article
- Upregulation of interferon-γ response genes in monocytes and T cells identified by single-cell transcriptomics in patients with anti-citrullinated peptide antibody-positive early rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Rheumatoid Factor Titer as an Indicator of the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity: Dose-Effect Analysis with the Restricted Cubic Spline Model.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Are comorbidities associated with the cytokine/chemokine profile of persistent apical periodontitis?Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- IL-21 (rs2055979 and rs2221903)/Genes · 2023Article
- Activities and Molecular Mechanisms of Diterpenes, Diterpenoids, and Their Derivatives in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
- Could IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and sP-selectin serum levels be considered as objective and quantifiable markers of rheumatoid arthritis severity and activity?Reumatologia · 2022Article
- Acquisition of New Migratory Properties by Highly Differentiated CD4+CD28Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Follicular helper T cells: potential therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Curcumin on Immune Cell Populations, Cytokines, and In Vivo Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Promising Therapeutic Targets for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- Th17/Treg-Related Transcriptional Factor Expression and Cytokine Profile in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial membrane damage and autoantibody production. RA is a heterogeneous disease, where cytokines such as IL-15, IL-21, and IFN-γ have been associated. However, their association with the autoantibodies has not been clearly described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the cytokines IL-15, IL-21, and IFN-γ with the autoantibodies (RF, anti-CCP, anti-MCV, and anti-PADI4) in RA and disease activity. METHODOLOGY: This study included 153 RA patients and 80 control subjects (CS). The levels of IL-15, IL-21, IFN-γ, anti-CCP, anti-MCV, and anti-PADI4 were quantified by ELISA, whereas RF was quantified by turbidimetry. The disease activity was evaluated by the indices disease activity score 28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), clinical disease activity index (CDAI), and simple disease activity index (SDAI).
resultsThe serum levels of IL-15, IL-21, and IFN-γ, and autoantibodies were increased in RA patients, compared with CS (p < 0.05). A correlation was found between IL-21 and anti-CCP and anti-MCV (p < 0.05). According to RA evolution, RF, anti-CCP, and anti-MCV had higher levels in early RA. In addition, increased levels of IL-21 were observed in RA seropositive patients (RF/anti-CCP/anti-MCV). The higher levels of both cytokines and autoantibodies were observed in moderate activity, evaluated by the three indices.
conclusionsOur results suggest that the increased soluble levels of IL-15, IL-21, and IFN-γ are involved in the inflammatory network in RA. However, IL-21 serum levels are associated with higher titers of autoantibodies (RF, anti-CCP, and anti-MCV) and IL-15 with moderate activity. Key Points • IL-15, IL-21, and IFN-y are associated with the immunopathology of RA, but not significantly with the evolution of the disease. • RF, anti-CCP, and anti-MCV had higher levels in early than established RA. • IL-21 has an association with RF, anti-CCP, and anti-MCVand, for this reason, could be proposed as a disease biomarker. • Patients with activity moderate of disease showed higher levels of RF, anti-CCP, anti-MCV, and IL-15.
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