ReviewFrontiers in psychology2019
Challenge and Threat: A Critical Review of the Literature and an Alternative Conceptualization.
Review in Frontiers in psychology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Challenge or Threat? The Effects of the Standard and a Second-Generation Mindfulness Intervention with Buddhist Practices on Cognitive Appraisals of Stress: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Experiment Performed in Switzerland.Journal of religion and health · 2024Trial
- Challenge and threat appraisal of job demands and their impact on mental health among vocational education teachers.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Understanding How Athletes Manage Uncertainty in Sport.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- "I must be in control!": the role of irrational beliefs, challenge and threat, and self-control, in the mental health of employees.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the psychosocial effects of the Northern Territory Institute of Sport (NTIS) High Performance Officiating Program (HPOP).PloS one · 2026Article
- Amateur Rowers to Transatlantic Trio Race Winners: A Case Study Describing the Physiological and Psychological Characteristics, Training Adaptations and Race Responses to Ultra-Endurance Rowing.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Examination of positive states of mind and heart rate variability: Stress appraisals as a mechanism in trauma-exposed adults.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Network analysis of the relationship between error orientation, self-efficacy, and innovative behavior in nurses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Precision Emotion and Affective Context (PEAC) process model: a theoretical framework for creating the affective circumstances that promote engagement.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The effects of challenge and threat states on performance outcomes: An updated review and meta-analysis of recent findings.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- University students in COVID-19 lockdown: The role of adaptability and fluid reasoning in supporting their academic motivation and engagement.Learning and instruction · 2023Article
- Good performance in difficult times? Threat and challenge as contributors to achievement emotions and academic performance during the COVID-19 outbreak.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Effects of human-machine interaction on employee's learning: A contingent perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Childhood Trauma and Cortisol Reactivity: An Investigation of the Role of Task Appraisals.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Blunted cardiovascular reactivity may serve as an index of psychological task disengagement in the motivated performance situations.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Assessing Instructional Cognitive Load in the Context of Students' Psychological Challenge and Threat Orientations: A Multi-Level Latent Profile Analysis of Students and Classrooms.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- It's a Challenge, Not a Threat: Lecturers' Satisfaction During the Covid-19 Summer Semester of 2020.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Thinking Aloud: Stress and Coping in Junior Cricket Batsmen During Challenge and Threat States.Perceptual and motor skills · 2020Article
- A Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes: A Revised Conceptualization.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this article, the authors describe a new theory, the Evaluative Space Approach to Challenge and Threat (ESACT). Prompted by the Biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat (BPS: Blascovich and Tomaka, 1996) and the development of the Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes (Jones et al., 2009), recent years have witnessed a considerable increase in research examining challenge and threat in sport. This manuscript provides a critical review of the literature examining challenge and threat in sport, tracing its historical development and some of the current empirical ambiguities. To reconcile some of these ambiguities, and utilizing neurobiological evidence associated with approach and avoidance motivation (c.f. Elliot and Covington, 2001), this paper draws upon the Evaluative Space Model (ESM; Cacioppo et al., 1997) and considers the implications for understanding challenge and threat in sport. For example, rather than see challenge and threat as opposite ends of a single bipolar continuum, the ESM implies that individuals could be (1) challenged, (2) threatened, (3) challenged and threatened, or (4) neither challenged or threatened by a particular stimulus. From this perspective, it could be argued that the appraisal of some sport situations as both challenging
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.