Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31311476›Full record

ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2019

Mosquitoes cloak their legs to resist insecticides.

Vasileia Balabanidou, Mary Kefi, Michalis Aivaliotis, Venetia Koidou, Juan R Girotti, Sergio J Mijailovsky, M Patricia Juárez, Eva Papadogiorgaki, George Chalepakis, Anastasia Kampouraki and 3 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed
14.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Lipid Metabolism in Insect Vectors of Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. [Effects of larval feeding amount on development and deltamethrin resistance inNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2025
    Article
  11. A Leg Cuticle Protein Enhances the Resistance ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Vasileia BalabanidouInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
Mary KefiInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
Michalis AivaliotisInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
Venetia KoidouInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
Juan R GirottiInstituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
Sergio J MijailovskyInstituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
M Patricia JuárezInstituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
Eva PapadogiorgakiDepartment of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
George ChalepakisDepartment of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
Anastasia KampourakiInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
Christoforos NikolaouInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
Hilary RansonDepartment of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
John VontasInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
University of Crete · GRCentro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata · ARAgricultural University of Athens · GRAristotle University of Thessaloniki · GRFoundation for Research and Technology Hellas · GRLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malaria incidence has halved since the year 2000, with 80% of the reduction attributable to the use of insecticides. However, insecticide resistance is now widespread, is rapidly increasing in spectrum and intensity across Africa, and may be contributing to the increase of malaria incidence in 2018. The role of detoxification enzymes and target site mutations has been documented in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae; however, the emergence of striking resistant phenotypes suggests the occurrence of additional mechanisms. By comparing legs, the most relevant insect tissue for insecticide uptake, we show that resistant mosquitoes largely remodel their leg cuticles via enhanced deposition of cuticular proteins and chitin, corroborating a leg-thickening phenotype. Moreover, we show that resistant female mosquitoes seal their leg cuticles with higher total and different relative amounts of cuticular hydrocarbons, compared with susceptible ones. The structural and functional alterations in Anopheles female mosquito legs are associated with a reduced uptake of insecticides, substantially contributing to the resistance phenotype.

Indexed as

Insecticide ResistanceAnimalsAnophelesExtremitiesFemaleInsecticidesLipidomicsMalariaMaleMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionMosquito VectorsProteomeProteomicsInsecticidesProteomecuticle alterationsinsecticide resistancelegs

Identifiers

PMID31311476
PMCPMC6661348
OpenAlexW2962616483

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.