ArticleNutrients2019
Breastfeeding Status and Duration and Infections, Hospitalizations for Infections, and Antibiotic Use in the First Two Years of Life in the ELFE Cohort.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breastfeeding and risk of hospitalisation in children under five years-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Article
- Association of breastfeeding practices during the first 12 months and subsequent infant respiratory tract infections: a prospective cohort study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Human milk feeding practices and serum immune profiles of one-year-old infants in the CHILD birth cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Observational
- Review
- Case-control study of exclusive breast feeding and severe bronchiolitis in the United States.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2023Article
- Exclusive Breastfeeding and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Positive Synergistic Effect on Prevention of Childhood Infections?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Risk Factors Associated with Methicillin Resistance in Hospitalized Newborn Infants withInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Diversity-scaling analysis of human breast milk microbiomes from population perspective.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Associations between Feeding Patterns and Infant Health in China: A Propensity Score Matching Approach.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Feeding in the first six months of life is associated with the probability of having bronchiolitis: a cohort study in Spain.International breastfeeding journal · 2021Article
- Can breastfeeding protect against antimicrobial resistance?BMC medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Changes in Human Milk Immunoglobulin Profile During Prolonged Lactation.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Article
- Role of Vitamin A in Mammary Gland Development and Lactation.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries, the protective effect of breastfeeding against infections is well established, but in high-income countries, the effect could be weakened by higher hygienic conditions. We aimed to examine the association between breastfeeding and infections in the first 2 years of life, in a high-income country with relatively short breastfeeding duration. Among 10,349 young children from the nationwide Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) birth cohort, breastfeeding and parent-reported hospitalizations, bronchiolitis and otitis events, and antibiotic use were prospectively collected up to 2 years. Never-breastfed infants were used as reference group. Any breastfeeding for <3 months was associated with higher risks of hospitalizations from gastrointestinal infections or fever. Predominant breastfeeding for <1 month was associated with higher risk of a single hospital admission while predominant breastfeeding for ≥3 months was associated with a lower risk of long duration (≥4 nights) of hospitalization. Ever breastfeeding was associated with lower risk of antibiotic use. This study confirmed the well-known associations between breastfeeding and hospitalizations but also highlighted a strong inverse association between breastfeeding and antibiotic use. Although we cannot infer causality from this observational study, this finding is worth highlighting in a context of rising concern regarding antibiotic resistance.
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