ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2019
Glycyrrhizin Use for Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- What We Can Do in Infectious Keratitis, Except for Conventional Antimicrobial-Based Therapies: Major Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Glycyrrhizin (GLY) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) as potential multi-target antimicrobials: mechanisms, biofilm disruption, and synergy against drug-resistant pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Comparison the effect of Curcumin and methanolic extracts of Fraxinus excelsior L. and glycyrrhiza glabra L. on the expression of MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN efflux pumps in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial and Anti-Efflux Machinery of FDA-Approved Proton Pump Inhibitors and Vitamins AgainstMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Activity of Glycyrrhizinic Acid Is pH-Dependent.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- The State-of-the-Art Antibacterial Activities of Glycyrrhizin: A Comprehensive Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Impact of Airborne Exposure to PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Bacterial Efflux Pump Inhibitors Reduce Antibiotic Resistance.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Effect ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- 1H-Pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, a quorum sensing inhibitor from one endophytic fungus inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Success stories of natural product-derived compounds from plants as multidrug resistance modulators in microorganisms.RSC advances · 2023Review
- Glycyrrhizin-Based Hydrogels Accelerate Wound Healing of Normoglycemic and Diabetic Mouse Skin.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- CRISPRi-Mediated Gene Suppression Reveals Putative Reverse Transcriptase Gene PA0715 to Be a Global Regulator ofInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- The resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing the efficacy of this antibiotic.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
- Synthesis, Antiviral, and Antibacterial Activity of the Glycyrrhizic Acid and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives.Russian journal of bioorganic chemistry · 2022Article
- Plumbagin resurrect colistin susceptible against colistin-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Targeting Inflammation Driven by HMGB1 in Bacterial Keratitis-A Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions.Phytomedicine plus : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 2021Review
- Ocular Effects of Glycyrrhizin at Acidic and Neutral pH.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Combined With Mefloquine, Resurrect Colistin Active in Colistin-ResistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Our purpose was to test glycyrrhizin (GLY) effects and ciprofloxacin interactions on multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of keratitis. Methods: A Hardy-disk tested antibiotic sensitivity of isolates MDR9 (nonocular) and B1045 (ocular). GLY MIC (both isolates) and ciprofloxacin was determined spectrophotometrically. A live/dead assay using confocal microscopy and plate count, tested GLY effects on bacterial permeabilization/viability. Proteomics profiled bacterial efflux pumps (MDR9 vs. PAO1); RT-PCR comparatively tested GLY effects on their mRNA expression levels. The activity of efflux pumps was tested using ethidium bromide (EB); and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) visualized the effects of GLY treatment of bacteria. A combination of GLY and ciprofloxacin was tested in C57BL/6 mice (begun 18 hours after infection) and disease scored, photographed and MPO and plate counts done. Results: MDR9 was resistant to 6/12 and B1045 to 7/12 antibiotics (both to ciprofloxacin). MIC GLY for MDR9 was 40 mg/mL and 15 mg/mL for B1045. Ciprofloxacin MIC (32 μg/mL) was reduced 2-fold to 16 μg/mL when ciprofloxacin and GLY were combined. GLY altered bacterial membrane permeability and reduced viability. Proteomics revealed increased efflux pumps in MDR9 versus PAO1; GLY reduced their mRNA expression levels and EB suggested decreased activity. In C57BL/6 mice, treatment with GLY and ciprofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin, significantly reduced clinical scores, plate count, and MPO. Conclusions: GLY decreases MDR by: altering bacterial parameters, including viability and efflux pump activity. In vivo, it increases the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin, reducing ocular disease, plate count, and MPO activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.