Observational studyInternational journal of dental hygiene2020
Tongue coating in relationship to gender, plaque, gingivitis and tongue cleaning behaviour in systemically healthy young adults.
Observational study in International journal of dental hygiene, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the association between vitamin C intake and gingival bleeding tendency in healthy, non‑deficient young adults.Journal of periodontology · 2026Article
- Prevalence, distribution and severity of tongue coatings according to the proposed classification of tongue coatings severity index: a gender-based evaluation.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Perspectives on tongue coating: etiology, clinical management, and associated diseases - a narrative review.The Saudi dental journal · 2025Review
- Varying responses to periodontal treatment in different extent of plaque-induced gingivitis: a prospective cohort study.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Change in oral hygiene behaviour after non-surgical periodontal therapy - A retrospective analyses.International journal of dental hygiene · 2023Article
- Oral microbiome as a co-mediator of halitosis and periodontitis: a narrative review.Frontiers in oral health · 2023Review
- Tongue coating in relationship to gender, plaque, gingivitis and tongue cleaning behaviour in systemically healthy young adults.International journal of dental hygiene · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe purpose of this observational study was to investigate the relationship between tongue coating (thickness [Tc] and surface discoloration [Td]) and gender, plaque, gingivitis (bleeding on marginal probing [BOMP] and bleeding on pocket probing [BOPP]) and tongue cleaning behaviour. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 336 participants were screened for this cross-sectional study, from which 268 (150 male, 118 female) were found to be eligible. Aspects of tongue coating were visually assessed. Additionally, BOMP, BOPP and the plaque index (PI) were scored. To ascertain the tongue cleaning behaviour, the Oral Hygiene Behavior questionnaire was used.
resultsMost tongue coating was found at the posterior sections of the tongue surface. A thin coating and white discoloration were most prevalent as highest score for both males (92.7%) and females (87.4%), as well as white discoloration for the whole group of participants (50.2%). A gender difference was observed for TC and Td (P < .001). Analysis did not reveal a relationship between Tc and PI and between Td and PI. Also, no relation was detected between tongue cleaning behaviour and Tc or Td. However, tongue cleaning was associated with lower BOMP and BOPP scores.
conclusionBOMP, BOPP or PI score did not appear to be linked to Tc and Td. A significant gender difference was found for Tc and Td. Self-reported tongue cleaning behaviour was associated with slightly lower BOMP and BOPP scores.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.