ArticleJournal of ginseng research2019
Ginsenoside compound K inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B by targeting Annexin A2.
Article in Journal of ginseng research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioactive compounds in fermented foods: a systematic narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Research status and challenges of anti-tumor effects of natural saponins and their combination therapy.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Ginsenoside C-K inhibits Aβ oligomer-induced Alzheimer's disease pathology progression by regulating microglia-neuron interactions.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Phytochemicals as modulators of dendritic cell functions: implications for tolerogenic cell-based therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Annexin A: Cell Death, Inflammation, and Translational Medicine.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Mechanism of action of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides on hepatocellular carcinoma and network pharmacological analysis.Chinese herbal medicines · 2024Review
- Compound K Production: Achievements and Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Adhesive ginsenoside compound K patches for cartilage tissue regeneration.Regenerative biomaterials · 2023Article
- A narrative review of the pharmacology of ginsenoside compound K.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Review
- Anticancer properties and pharmaceutical applications of ginsenoside compound K: A review.Chemical biology & drug design · 2022Review
- Research progress of ginseng in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Anti-Gastritis and Anti-Lung Injury Effects of Pine Tree Ethanol Extract Targeting Both NF-κB and AP-1 Pathways.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Extracellular vesicles and immunogenic stress in cancer.Cell death & disease · 2021Review
- The Anti-Tumor Effect and Underlying Apoptotic Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rk1 and Rg5 in Human Liver Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Ginsenoside CK Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation through the HIF-1α/NF-κB Feedback Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Ginsenoside Compound K: Insights into Recent Studies on Pharmacokinetics and Health-Promoting Activities.Biomolecules · 2020Review
- Annexin A2 promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesisWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2020Review
- Amino acid sequences characterization and anti-inflammatory potency evaluation ofRSC advances · 2020Article
- Functional Mechanism of Ginsenoside Compound K on Tumor Growth and Metastasis.Integrative cancer therapiesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGinsenoside compound K(C-K), a major metabolite of ginsenoside, exhibits anticancer activity in various cancer cells and animal models. A cell signaling study has shown that C-K inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in human astroglial cells and liver cancer cells. However, the molecular targets of C-K and the initiating events were not elucidated.
methodsInteraction between C-K and Annexin A2 was determined by molecular docking and thermal shift assay. HepG2 cells were treated with C-K, followed by a luciferase reporter assay for NF-кB, immunofluorescence imaging for the subcellular localization of Annexin A2 and NF-кB p50 subunit, coimmunoprecipitation of Annexin A2 and NF-кB p50 subunit, and both cell viability assay and plate clone formation assay to determine the cell viability.
resultsBoth molecular docking and thermal shift assay positively confirmed the interaction between Annexin A2 and C-K. This interaction prevented the interaction between Annexin A2 and NF-кB p50 subunit and their nuclear colocalization, which attenuated the activation of NF-кB and the expression of its downstream genes, followed by the activation of caspase 9 and 3. In addition, the overexpression of Annexin A2-K320A, a C-K binding-deficient mutant of Annexin A2, rendered cells to resist C-K treatment, indicating that C-K exerts its cytotoxic activity mainly by targeting Annexin A2.
conclusionThis study for the first time revealed a cellular target of C-K and the molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.