ArticlePharmacogenomics and personalized medicine2019
Inconsistency in race and ethnic classification in pharmacogenetics studies and its potential clinical implications.
Article in Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on the pharmacodynamics and clinical outcomes for patients treated with ticagrelor: a systematic review with qualitative and quantitative meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Genetic markers for non-syndromic orofacial clefts in populations of European ancestry: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of probability estimates of worldwide variation of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Machine Learning-Based Detection of Parkinson's Disease From Arabic Speech: A Cross-Linguistic Validation Study.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2026Article
- From Normal Variation in Sleep to Clinical Sleep Disorders: Genetic Insights from Over One Million Individuals.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Effective algorithm to differentiate NBS MCADD cases from carriers and non-carriers and an assessment of the utility of the second newborn screen for MCADD.Molecular genetics and metabolism · 2025Article
- Neighborhood matters: An exploration of neighborhood-level disadvantage and cancer preventive behaviors in Hispanic youth with unhealthy weight.Health & place · 2025Article
- Online database of clinical algorithms with race and ethnicity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Online Database of Clinical Algorithms with Race and Ethnicity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The Role of Pharmacogenetic-Based Pharmacokinetic Analysis in Precise Breast Cancer Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Insights into Asparaginase Allergic Responses: Exploring Pharmacogenetic Influences.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Can pharmacogenetics impact the therapeutic effect of cytarabine and anthracyclines in adult acute myeloid leukaemia patients?: A Serbian experience.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2024Article
- The Role of Pharmacogenomics Studies for Precision Medicine Among Ethiopian Patients and Their Clinical Implications: A Scoping Review.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2024Article
- The Role of CYPs and Transporters in the Biotransformation and Transport of the Anti-hepatitis C Antiviral Agents Asunaprevir, Daclatasvir, and Beclabuvir: Impact of Liver Disease, Race and Drug-drug Interactions on Safety and Efficacy.Current drug metabolism · 2024Review
- Assessment of the current status of real-world pharmacogenomic testing: informed consent, patient education, and related practices.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Ethno-racial categorisations for biomedical studies: the fair selection of research participants and population stratification.Synthese · 2024Article
- Article
- Demographic diversity of US-based participants in GSK-sponsored interventional clinical trials.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2023Article
- Reductionist methodology and the ambiguity of the categories of race and ethnicity in biomedical research: an exploratory study of recent evidence.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2023Article
- Towards the multileveled and processual conceptualisation of racialised individuals in biomedical research.Synthese · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
introductionRacial and ethnic categories are frequently used in pharmacogenetics literature to stratify patients; however, these categories can be inconsistent across different studies. To address the ongoing debate on the applicability of traditional concepts of race and ethnicity in the context of precision medicine, we aimed to review the application of current racial and ethnic categories in pharmacogenetics and its potential impact on clinical care.
methodsOne hundred and three total pharmacogenetics papers involving the
resultsThe racial and ethnic categories used in the papers we analyzed were highly heterogeneous. In total, we found 66 different racial and ethnic categories used which fall under the NIH race category "White", 47 different racial and ethnic categories for "Asian", and 62 different categories for "Black". The number of categories used varied widely based on country of origin: Japan used the highest number of different categories for "White" with 17, Malaysia used the highest number for "Asian" with 24, and the US used the highest number for "Black" with 28. Significant variation in allele frequency between different ethnic subgroups was identified within 3 major continental racial categories.
conclusionOur analysis showed that racial and ethnic classification is highly inconsistent across different papers as well as between different countries. Evidence-based consensus is necessary for optimal use of self-identified race as well as geographical ancestry in pharmacogenetics. Common taxonomy of geographical ancestry which reflects specifics of particular countries and is accepted by the entire scientific community can facilitate reproducible pharmacogenetic research and clinical implementation of its results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.